linux更新系统内核,linux 内核升级步骤，kernel升级

linux版本 RHEL7.0

下载内核 从以下网站

上传kernel文件到/usr/src/kernels/ 目录下，此处也可以选择其他目录

解压kernel文件

[root@apache kernels]# tar -xJvf linux-3.16.1.tar.xz

安装包 gcc、ncurses-devel

[root@apache yum.repos.d]# yum -y install gcc ncurses-devel

Failed to set locale, defaulting to C

Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Repository 'y' is missing name in configuration, using id

y | 4.1 kB 00:00:00

Resolving Dependencies

--&gt Running transaction check

---&gt Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.2-16.el7 will be installed

--&gt Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.8.2-16.el7 for package: gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64

--&gt Processing Dependency: glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12 for package: gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64

--&gt Processing Dependency: libmpc.so.3()(64bit) for package: gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64

--&gt Processing Dependency: libmpfr.so.4()(64bit) for package: gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64

---&gt Package ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-13.20130511.el7 will be installed

--&gt Running transaction check

---&gt Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.2-16.el7 will be installed

---&gt Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-55.el7 will be installed

--&gt Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.17-55.el7 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-55.el7.x86_64

--&gt Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.17-55.el7.x86_64

---&gt Package libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7 will be installed

---&gt Package mpfr.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7 will be installed

--&gt Running transaction check

---&gt Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-55.el7 will be installed

--&gt Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.17-55.el7.x86_64

--&gt Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.17-55.el7.x86_64

--&gt Running transaction check

---&gt Package kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-121.el7 will be installed

--&gt Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==================================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

==================================================================================================================

Installing:

gcc x86_64 4.8.2-16.el7 y 16 M

ncurses-devel x86_64 5.9-13.20130511.el7 y 713 k

Installing for dependencies:

cpp x86_64 4.8.2-16.el7 y 5.9 M

glibc-devel x86_64 2.17-55.el7 y 1.0 M

glibc-headers x86_64 2.17-55.el7 y 650 k

kernel-headers x86_64 3.10.0-121.el7 y 1.4 M

libmpc x86_64 1.0.1-3.el7 y 51 k

mpfr x86_64 3.1.1-4.el7 y 203 k

Transaction Summary

==================================================================================================================

Install 2 Packages (+6 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 26 M

Installed size: 61 M

Downloading packages:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 31 MB/s | 26 MB 00:00:00

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : mpfr-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64 1/8

Installing : libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64 2/8

Installing : cpp-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64 3/8

Installing : kernel-headers-3.10.0-121.el7.x86_64 4/8

Installing : glibc-headers-2.17-55.el7.x86_64 5/8

Installing : glibc-devel-2.17-55.el7.x86_64 6/8

Installing : gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64 7/8

Installing : ncurses-devel-5.9-13.20130511.el7.x86_64 8/8

Verifying : ncurses-devel-5.9-13.20130511.el7.x86_64 1/8

Verifying : mpfr-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64 2/8

Verifying : glibc-headers-2.17-55.el7.x86_64 3/8

Verifying : glibc-devel-2.17-55.el7.x86_64 4/8

Verifying : libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64 5/8

Verifying : kernel-headers-3.10.0-121.el7.x86_64 6/8

Verifying : gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64 7/8

Verifying : cpp-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64 8/8

Installed:

gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.2-16.el7 ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-13.20130511.el7

Dependency Installed:

cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.2-16.el7 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-55.el7 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-55.el7

kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-121.el7 libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7 mpfr.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7

Complete!

执行make

先查看make帮助

[root@apache linux-3.16.1]# make help

Cleaning targets:

clean                 - Remove most generated files but keep the config and

enough build support to build external modules

mrproper         - Remove all generated files + config + various backup files

distclean         - mrproper + remove editor backup and patch files

Configuration targets:

config         - Update current config utilising a line-oriented program

nconfig - Update current config utilising a ncurses menu based program

menuconfig         - Update current config utilising a menu based program

xconfig         - Update current config utilising a QT based front-end

gconfig         - Update current config utilising a GTK based front-end

oldconfig         - Update current config utilising a provided .config as base

localmodconfig - Update current config disabling modules not loaded

localyesconfig - Update current config converting local mods to core

silentoldconfig - Same as oldconfig, but quietly, additionally update deps

defconfig         - New config with default from ARCH supplied defconfig

savedefconfig - Save current config as ./defconfig (minimal config)

allnoconfig         - New config where all options are answered with no

allyesconfig         - New config where all options are accepted with yes

allmodconfig         - New config selecting modules when possible

alldefconfig - New config with all symbols set to default

randconfig         - New config with random answer to all options

listnewconfig - List new options

olddefconfig         - Same as silentoldconfig but sets new symbols to their default value

Other generic targets:

all                 - Build all targets marked with [*]

* vmlinux         - Build the bare kernel

* modules         - Build all modules

modules_install - Install all modules to INSTALL_MOD_PATH (default: /)

firmware_install- Install all firmware to INSTALL_FW_PATH

(default: $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/firmware)

dir/ - Build all files in dir and below

dir/file.[oisS] - Build specified target only

dir/file.lst - Build specified mixed source/assembly target only

(requires a recent binutils and recent build (System.map))

dir/file.ko - Build module including final link

modules_prepare - Set up for building external modules

tags/TAGS         - Generate tags file for editors

cscope         - Generate cscope index

gtags - Generate GNU GLOBAL index

kernelrelease         - Output the release version string

kernelversion         - Output the version stored in Makefile

image_name         - Output the image name

headers_install - Install sanitised kernel headers to INSTALL_HDR_PATH

(default: ./usr)

Static analysers

checkstack - Generate a list of stack hogs

namespacecheck - Name space analysis on compiled kernel

versioncheck - Sanity check on version.h usage

includecheck - Check for duplicate included header files

export_report - List the usages of all exported symbols

headers_check - Sanity check on exported headers

headerdep - Detect inclusion cycles in headers

coccicheck - Check with Coccinelle.

Kernel packaging:

rpm-pkg - Build both source and binary RPM kernel packages

binrpm-pkg - Build only the binary kernel package

deb-pkg - Build the kernel as a deb package

tar-pkg - Build the kernel as an uncompressed tarball

targz-pkg - Build the kernel as a gzip compressed tarball

tarbz2-pkg - Build the kernel as a bzip2 compressed tarball

tarxz-pkg - Build the kernel as a xz compressed tarball

perf-tar-src-pkg - Build perf-3.16.1.tar source tarball

perf-targz-src-pkg - Build perf-3.16.1.tar.gz source tarball

perf-tarbz2-src-pkg - Build perf-3.16.1.tar.bz2 source tarball

perf-tarxz-src-pkg - Build perf-3.16.1.tar.xz source tarball

Documentation targets:

Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats:

htmldocs - HTML

pdfdocs - PDF

psdocs - Postscript

xmldocs - XML DocBook

mandocs - man pages

installmandocs - install man pages generated by mandocs

cleandocs - clean all generated DocBook files

Architecture specific targets (x86):

* bzImage - Compressed kernel image (arch/x86/boot/bzImage)

install - Install kernel using

(your) ~/bin/installkernel or

(distribution) /sbin/installkernel or

install to $(INSTALL_PATH) and run lilo

fdimage - Create 1.4MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)

fdimage144 - Create 1.4MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)

fdimage288 - Create 2.8MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)

isoimage - Create a boot CD-ROM image (arch/x86/boot/image.iso)

bzdisk/fdimage*/isoimage also accept:

FDARGS="..." arguments for the booted kernel

FDINITRD=file initrd for the booted kernel

kvmconfig        - Enable additional options for guest kernel support

x86_64_defconfig - Build for x86_64

i386_defconfig - Build for i386

make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build

make V=2 [targets] 2 => give reason for rebuild of target

make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in "dir", including .config

make C=1 [targets] Check all c source with $CHECK (sparse by default)

make C=2 [targets] Force check of all c source with $CHECK

make RECORDMCOUNT_WARN=1 [targets] Warn about ignored mcount sections

make W=n [targets] Enable extra gcc checks, n=1,2,3 where

1: warnings which may be relevant and do not occur too often

2: warnings which occur quite often but may still be relevant

3: more obscure warnings, can most likely be ignored

Multiple levels can be combined with W=12 or W=123

Execute "make" or "make all" to build all targets marked with [*]

For further info see the ./README file

[root@apache linux-3.16.1]#

执行 make menuconfig命令 出现图形

save

生成.config文件

退出

提示执行make继续或查看帮助

执行 make命令，根据环境编译kernel，生成模块文件。等待一段时间

执行make all 生成内核文件 和 模块文件

[root@dns linux-3.16.1]# make all

CHK include/config/kernel.release

CHK include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h

CHK include/generated/utsrelease.h

CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh

CHK include/generated/compile.h

CERTS kernel/x509_certificate_list

- Including cert signing_key.x509

AS kernel/system_certificates.o

LD kernel/built-in.o

CHK include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h

LINK vmlinux

LD vmlinux.o

MODPOST vmlinux.o

GEN .version

CHK include/generated/compile.h

UPD include/generated/compile.h

CC init/version.o

LD init/built-in.o

KSYM .tmp_kallsyms1.o

KSYM .tmp_kallsyms2.o

LD vmlinux

SORTEX vmlinux

SYSMAP System.map

TEST posttest

Succeed: decoded and checked 1702020 instructions

TEST posttest

arch/x86/tools/insn_sanity: Success: decoded and checked 1000000 random instructions with 0 errors (seed:0x769ca218)

VOFFSET arch/x86/boot/voffset.h

OBJCOPY arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin

GZIP arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin.gz

MKPIGGY arch/x86/boot/compressed/piggy.S

AS arch/x86/boot/compressed/piggy.o

LD arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux

ZOFFSET arch/x86/boot/zoffset.h

AS arch/x86/boot/header.o

CC arch/x86/boot/version.o

LD arch/x86/boot/setup.elf

OBJCOPY arch/x86/boot/setup.bin

OBJCOPY arch/x86/boot/vmlinux.bin

BUILD arch/x86/boot/bzImage

Setup is 17104 bytes (padded to 17408 bytes).

System is 5064 kB

CRC 67447bac

Kernel: arch/x86/boot/bzImage is ready (#2)

Building modules, stage 2.

MODPOST 2161 modules

[root@dns linux-3.16.1]#

执行 make modules_install 安装模块

执行 make install

重启

shutdown -r 0

选择新的kernel启动

查看当前kernel，uname -r

升级内核完成