在android中数据库通常以文件的形式存储在磁盘中,而内存数据库是将数据驻留在内存中,因此可以作为一种缓存技术方案。 那么在android如何使用sqlite的内存数据库呢?
看SQLiteDatabase的源码:
/**
* Create a memory backed SQLite database. Its contents will be destroyed
* when the database is closed.
*
*
Sets the locale of the database to the the system's current locale.
* Call {@link #setLocale} if you would like something else.
*
* @param factory an optional factory class that is called to instantiate a
* cursor when query is called
* @return a SQLiteDatabase object, or null if the database can't be created
*/
public static SQLiteDatabase create(CursorFactory factory) {
// This is a magic string with special meaning for SQLite.
return openDatabase(MEMORY_DB_PATH, factory, CREATE_IF_NECESSARY);
}
CREATE_IF_NECESSARY 表示:当数据库不存在时将被创建。 通过方法注释可以知道此方法可以创建内存数据库,并当数据库关闭时数据将被清除。
另外一种方法,请看SQLiteOpenHelper源码:
public synchronized SQLiteDatabase getWritableDatabase() {
boolean success = false;
SQLiteDatabase db = null;
if (mDatabase != null) mDatabase.lock();
try {
mIsInitializing = true;
if (mName == null) {
db = SQLiteDatabase.create(null);
} else {
db = mContext.openOrCreateDatabase(mName, 0, mFactory, mErrorHandler);
}
...
onOpen(db);
success = true;
return db;
} finally {
mIsInitializing = false;
if (success) {
if (mDatabase != null) {
try { mDatabase.close(); } catch (Exception e) { }
mDatabase.unlock();
}
mDatabase = db;
} else {
if (mDatabase != null) mDatabase.unlock();
if (db != null) db.close();
}
}
}
从代码中可以知道,当mName(数据库名称)为null时,将创建内存数据库。
我写了一个demo请看代码:
package dw.test;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.provider.BaseColumns;
import android.util.Log;
public final class MemoryDbTester {
private static final String LOG_TAG = MemoryDbTester.class.getSimpleName();
private static final String TABLE_NAME = "t_user";
private SQLiteDatabase mMemoryDb;
private MemoryDbTester(){
mMemoryDb = createMemoryDb();
}
private static MemoryDbTester sDefault = new MemoryDbTester();
public static MemoryDbTester getDefault(){
return sDefault;
}
public interface Columns extends BaseColumns {
public static final String UNAME = "uname";
}
/**
* 创建内存数据库
*/
private SQLiteDatabase createMemoryDb(){
SQLiteDatabase database = SQLiteDatabase.create(null);
String t_user_sql = "CREATE TABLE "+TABLE_NAME+"(_id integer primary key autoincrement,"+Columns.UNAME+" varchar(10))";
database.execSQL(t_user_sql);
return database;
}
/**
* 向内存数据库中插入一条数据
*/
public void testInsert() {
SQLiteDatabase db = mMemoryDb;
check(db);
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(Columns.UNAME, "dw");
db.insert(TABLE_NAME, null, values);
}
/**
* 查询内存数据库中的数据
*/
public void testQuery(){
SQLiteDatabase db = mMemoryDb;
check(db);
Cursor c = db.rawQuery("select uname from t_user", null);
while(c.moveToNext()){
String name = c.getString(0);
Log.i(LOG_TAG, "NAME:" + name);
}
}
@Override
protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
releaseMemory();
super.finalize();
}
public void releaseMemory(){
SQLiteDatabase db = mMemoryDb;
if(db!=null){
db.close();
mMemoryDb = null;
}
}
private void check(SQLiteDatabase db) {
if(db==null || !db.isOpen()){
throw new IllegalStateException("memory database already closed");
}
}
}