linux根目录扩容方法,扩容linux的根目录（实操记录！！）

前言

准备动作

1.数据无价，以下所有操作请务必在虚拟机上先操作1次

2.在服务器中加入硬盘；sdb就是本次加入的硬盘

[root@compute11 ~]# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sda 8:0 0 1.8T 0 disk

├─sda1 8:1 0 2G 0 part /boot

└─sda2 8:2 0 1.8T 0 part

└─centos-root 253:0 0 1.8T 0 lvm /

sdb 8:16 0 1.8T 0 disk

操作步骤：

1.使用 fdisk -l 查看硬盘序号，并用 fdisk 对硬盘操作，格式化成lvm的格式

[root@compute11 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xf2edcde9.

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

e extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1):

First sector (2048-3907029167, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-3907029167, default 3907029167):

Using default value 3907029167

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1.8 TiB is set

Command (m for help): t

Selected partition 1

Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e

Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@compute11 ~]#

2.重新识别硬盘

[root@compute11 ~]# partprobe

3.将刚刚的硬盘重新格式化，格式化为xfs格式

[root@compute11 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1

meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=122094598 blks

= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1

= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0

data = bsize=4096 blocks=488378390, imaxpct=5

= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks

naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1

log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=238466, version=2

= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0

[root@compute11 ~]#

4.使用lvm命令，对根目录进行扩容

# 进入lvm模式

[root@compute11 ~]# lvm

# 查看当前的pv卷

lvm> pvdisplay

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sda2

VG Name centos

PV Size <1.82 TiB / not usable 4.00 MiB

Allocatable yes (but full)

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 476419

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 476419

PV UUID ZSlskf-Hrdk-4by2-jIUq-bbJD-kmfb-EptRPC

# 新建pv卷

lvm> pvcreate /dev/sdb1

WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y

Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sdb1.

Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.

# 再次查看pv卷，已经有两个pv卷了。

lvm> pvdisplay

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sda2

VG Name centos

PV Size <1.82 TiB / not usable 4.00 MiB

Allocatable yes (but full)

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 476419

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 476419

PV UUID ZSlskf-Hrdk-4by2-jIUq-bbJD-kmfb-EptRPC

"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<1.82 TiB"

--- NEW Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sdb1

VG Name

PV Size <1.82 TiB

Allocatable NO

PE Size 0

Total PE 0

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 0

PV UUID p844T5-gdrK-g63T-8zOT-IcYk-1Ren-32D2fZ

lvm>

# 查看vg组

lvm> vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name centos

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 1

Metadata Sequence No 2

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 1

Open LV 1

Max PV 0

Cur PV 1

Act PV 1

VG Size <1.82 TiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 476419

Alloc PE / Size 476419 / <1.82 TiB

Free PE / Size 0 / 0

VG UUID d7YIEM-gVrC-P6rl-DsH8-IVai-MeTO-9GGP1M

# 将刚刚生成的pv卷 /dev/sdb1 加入到根目录所在的vg组：centos

lvm> vgextend centos /dev/sdb1

Volume group "centos" successfully extended

# 再次查看，根目录所在的vg组：centos 已经扩容成功

lvm> vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name centos

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 2

Metadata Sequence No 3

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 1

Open LV 1

Max PV 0

Cur PV 2

Act PV 2

VG Size <3.64 TiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 953350

Alloc PE / Size 476419 / <1.82 TiB

Free PE / Size 476931 / <1.82 TiB

VG UUID d7YIEM-gVrC-P6rl-DsH8-IVai-MeTO-9GGP1M

# 看到vg size 增加到了3.64T,Free PE size 也有了1.8T(476931)的大小。(我们要增加的就是这个PE的大小！！)

lvm>

# 先查看lv卷

lvm> lvdisplay

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/centos/root

LV Name root

VG Name centos

LV UUID v9hEnv-KnJa-bM3A-gGgQ-pcXJ-G77d-4RAaZM

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time localhost, 2020-07-17 14:47:37 +0800

LV Status available

# open 1

LV Size <1.82 TiB

Current LE 476419

Segments 1

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 256

Block device 253:0

# 使用 lvextend 为根目录进行扩容

lvm> lvextend -l +476931 /dev/centos/root

Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <1.82 TiB (476419 extents) to <3.64 TiB (953350 extents).

Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

# 再次查看lv卷，LV Size 已经有3.64T啦

lvm> lvdisplay

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/centos/root

LV Name root

VG Name centos

LV UUID v9hEnv-KnJa-bM3A-gGgQ-pcXJ-G77d-4RAaZM

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time localhost, 2020-07-17 14:47:37 +0800

LV Status available

# open 1

LV Size <3.64 TiB

Current LE 953350

Segments 2

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 256

Block device 253:0

lvm> exit

Exiting.

[root@compute11 ~]#

[root@compute11 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs 95G 0 95G 0% /dev

tmpfs 95G 0 95G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 95G 670M 94G 1% /run

tmpfs 95G 0 95G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/centos-root 1.9T 1.6T 252G 87% /

/dev/sda1 2.0G 173M 1.9G 9% /boot

tmpfs 19G 36K 19G 1% /run/user/0

# 硬盘大小还是之前大小，再进行多1步：扩容文件系统

[root@compute11 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root

meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=121963264 blks

= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1

= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0

data = bsize=4096 blocks=487853056, imaxpct=5

= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks

naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1

log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=238209, version=2

= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0

data blocks changed from 487853056 to 976230400

# 扩容成功

[root@compute11 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs 95G 0 95G 0% /dev

tmpfs 95G 0 95G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 95G 670M 94G 1% /run

tmpfs 95G 0 95G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/centos-root 3.7T 1.6T 2.1T 44% /

/dev/sda1 2.0G 173M 1.9G 9% /boot

tmpfs 19G 36K 19G 1% /run/user/0

[root@compute11 ~]#