python 30分钟_30分钟迅速上手python

# 生成器

# A generator "generates" values as they are requested instead of storing everything up front

# The following method (*NOT* a generator) will double all values and store it in `double_arr`. For large size of iterables, that might get huge!

def double_numbers(iterable):

double_arr = []

for i in iterable:

double_arr.append(i + i)

return double_arr

# Running the following would mean we'll double all values first and return all of them back to be checked by our condition

for value in double_numbers(range(1000000)): # `test_non_generator`

print value

if value > 5:

break

# We could instead use a generator to "generate" the doubled value as the item is being requested

def double_numbers_generator(iterable):

for i in iterable:

yield i + i

# Running the same code as before, but with a generator, now allows us to iterate over the values and doubling them one by one as they are being consumed by our logic. Hence as soon as we see a value > 5, we break out of the loop and don't need to double most of the values sent in (MUCH FASTER!)

for value in double_numbers_generator(xrange(1000000)): # `test_generator`

print value

if value > 5:

break

# BTW: did you notice the use of `range` in `test_non_generator` and `xrange` in `test_generator`?

# Just as `double_numbers_generator` is the generator version of `double_numbers`

# We have `xrange` as the generator version of `range`

# `range` would return back and array with 1000000 values for us to use

# `xrange` would generate 1000000 values for us as we request / iterate over those items

# Just as you can create a list comprehension, you can create generator comprehensions as well.

values = (-x for x in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

for x in values:

print(x) # prints -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 to console/terminal

# You can also cast a generator comprehension directly to a list.

values = (-x for x in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

gen_to_list = list(values)

print(gen_to_list) # => [-1, -2, -3, -4, -5]

# 装饰器

# A decorator is a higher order function, which accepts and returns a function.

# Simple usage example – add_apples decorator will add 'Apple' element into fruits list returned by get_fruits target function.

def add_apples(func):

def get_fruits():

fruits = func()

fruits.append('Apple')

return fruits

return get_fruits

@add_apples

def get_fruits():

return ['Banana', 'Mango', 'Orange']

# Prints out the list of fruits with 'Apple' element in it: Banana, Mango, Orange, Apple

print ', '.join(get_fruits())

# in this example beg wraps say

# Beg will call say. If say_please is True then it will change the returned message

from functools import wraps

def beg(target_function):

@wraps(target_function)

def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):

msg, say_please = target_function(*args, **kwargs)

if say_please:

return "{} {}".format(msg, "Please! I am poor :(")

return msg

return wrapper

@beg

def say(say_please=False):

msg = "Can you buy me a beer?"

return msg, say_please

print say() # Can you buy me a beer?

print say(say_please=True) # Can you buy me a beer? Please! I am poor :(