ssd在linux下专为内存设备,在Linux系统中将SSD当块设备缓存的方法 -电脑资料

这篇文章主要介绍了在Linux系统中将SSD当块设备缓存的方法,主要是将SSD作为内存和HDD中间的过度缓存设备,需要的朋友可以参考下

原理

写操作先缓存到ssd硬盘上，然后通过一定策略写到普通硬盘上；

读操作热点数据可以缓存到ssd硬盘上，提高读取数据的速度，

软件 ssd 缓存开源软件主要有bcache ，flashcache

bcache 需要编译最新的内核，要求比较高，配置比较复杂，目前主要用于测试环境；

flashcache 是facebook内部使用的ssd cache软件，开源出来供大家使用，目前有人编译出rhel6的rpm包，在centos6上可以直接安装使用。

本次初步测试了flashcache

测试环境

sdc为 ssd 硬盘    160G*4 raid 10    用fio测试 4k 写iops为 5433

sdb为 普通sas硬盘 146G*2 raid 1   用fio测试 4k 写iops为 447

初步简单测试结果：

4k 随机写可以达到 5014

4k随机读可以达到45874

flashcache 安装配置方法

安装代码如下:

rpm --import http://elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org

rpm -Uvh http://elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-5.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm

yum install flashcache-utils kmod-flashcache

配置:

用sdc 做sdb的缓存代码如下:

flashcache_create -p back cachedev /dev/sdc /dev/sdb

cachedev cachedev, ssd_devname /dev/sdc, disk_devname /dev/sdb cache mode WRITE_BACK

block_size 8, md_block_size 8, cache_size 0

Flashcache metadata will use 1192MB of your 24016MB main memory

可以用3种方式：代码如下:

Writethrough - safest, all writes are cached to ssd but also written to disk

immediately. If your ssd has slower write performance than your disk (likely

for early generation SSDs purchased in 2008-2010), this may limit your system

write performance. All disk reads are cached (tunable).

数据同时写到ssd和普通硬盘代码如下:

Writearound - again, very safe, writes are not written to ssd but directly to

disk. Disk blocks will only be cached after they are read. All disk reads

are cached (tunable).

数据同时绕过ssd，直接写到普通硬盘代码如下:

Writeback - fastest but less safe. Writes only go to the ssd initially, and

based on various policies are written to disk later. All disk reads are

cached (tunable).

数据先写到ssd，随后写到普通硬盘

查看

flashstat

======================================================================================================

Flashstat: a tool for flashcache status per second

Author  : NinGoo(seaman.ning@gmail.com)

Version : 0.3

======================================================================================================

SSD Device:  /dev/sdc        Disk Device:  /dev/sdb         Cache Mode: WRITE_BACK

Capacity:   303998M         Block Size:        4K    Meta. Block Size:     4096b

Total Blocks:  77823488      Cached Blocks:         9     Cached Percent:         0

Set Numbers:       512       Dirty Blocks:         0      Dirty Percent:         0

cache_all:         1     reclaim_policy:      FIFO   dirty_thresh_pct:        20

max_clean_ios_set:         2 max_clean_ios_total:         4    skip_seq_thresh:        0K

======================================================================================================

time read/s write/s diskr/s diskw/s ssdr/s ssdw/s uread/s uwrit/s metaw/s clean/s repl/s wrepl/s  hit% whit% dwhit%

03-13 14:51:20      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0  0|10   0|0   0|0代码如下:

fdisk -l /dev/mapper/cachedev可以看到一个设备

Disk /dev/mapper/cachedev: 146.8 GB, 146778685440 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17844 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0002da0a

Device Boot     Start        End     Blocks  Id System

使用：

可以当一个块设备来使用，划分vg lv代码如下:

pvcreate /dev/mapper/cachedev

Physical volume "/dev/mapper/cachedev" successfully created

vgcreate ssdcachetest /dev/mapper/cachedev

Volume group "ssdcachetest" successfully created

lvcreate -L 100G -n ssdcache_test_lv1 ssdcachetest

Logical volume "ssdcache_test_lv1" created

删除代码如下:

dmsetup remove cachedev

flashcache_destroy /dev/sdc