这是威廉姆斯学院图书馆制定的格式(Williams College Libraries
),希望对大家有帮助
Chicago Manual of Style
Documentary Note or Humanities Style
The Chicago Documentary Note, or Humanities
Style is favored by many in the humanities and the arts. It is
recommended for history research papers.
For other social sciences and sciences disciplines,
use the Chicago
Author-Date System.
This guide provides examples of the most commonly
cited types of sources used by Williams College students. For
additional examples and explanations, see Chicago Manual of Style
or the print manual at Sawyer or Schow Reference Z253 .U69
2003.
About
Notes
(For more detailed information see CMS, sec.
16.19-70)
The Documentary Note or Humanities Style uses
bibliographic notes rather than text citations. It consists of two
parts: a number in the text and a note either at the
bottom of the page (footnote) or at the end of the paper
(endnote). Notes are numbered sequentially, beginning with
1., throughout each article, chapter, or paper. The numbers in the
text must be in superscript and should follow sentences, clauses,
quotations, punctuation marks and closing parentheses. The note
should have a normal, full sized number.
Subsequent references to sources already fully
cited should be shortened whenever possible.
1. Tom Nairn, Faces of Nationalism: Janis
Revisited (London and New York: Verso, 1997), 17.
2. Gilbert Geis and Ivan Bunn, A Trial of
Witches: A Seventeenth-Century Witchcraft Prosecution (London:
Routledge, 1997), 17.
3. Nairn, Faces of Nationalism, 176.
Note consisting of several references
documenting a single fact should be separated by
semi-colons.
Multiple citation of a single note should
refer to the previous note.
15. See note 4 above.
For an unknown author start the note and
bibliographic entry with the title of the work.
Ibid is used in place of the author's name,
the title, and as much of the information as is identical to the
immediately preceding note. It cannot be used if the preceding note
cites more than one work.
6. Tom Nairn, Faces of Nationalism: Janis
Revisited (London and New York: Verso, 1997), 17.
7. Ibid., 39 - 43.
For direct quotations from sources without page
numbers use subheading, chapter, paragraph number, or other
organizational division of the work.
8. David Pilgrim, "The Mammy Caricature," Jim
Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia,
http://www.ferris.edu/htmls/news/jimcrow/mammies/, under
"Commercial Mammies."
Citations taken from secondary sources
should be avoided as researchers are expected to examine the works
they cite. If the original work is not available, the original and
secondary source must be cited.
9. Theodore Sedgwick, Thoughts on the Proposed
Annexation of Texas to the United States (New York: D. Fanshaw,
1844), 31, quoted in Lyon Rathbun, "The Debate over Annexing Texas
and the Emergence of Manifest Destiny," Rhetoric
& Public Affairs 4, no. 3 (Fall 2001): 479.
Notes and
Bibliography Examples
Books
(Chicago Manual of Style, sec. 17.16-17.147)
Single author
note:
1. Tom Nairn, Faces of Nationalism: Janus Revisited (London:
New York: Verso, 1997), 17.
bibliography:
Nairn, Tom. Faces of Nationalism: Janus
Revisited. London: New York: Verso, 1997.
Multiple authors
note:
2. Gilbert Geis and Ivan Bunn, A Trial of Witches: A
Seventeenth-Century Witchcraft Prosecution (London: Routledge,
1997), 17.
bibliography:
Geis, Gilbert, and Ivan Bunn. A Trial of
Witches: a Seventeenth-Century Witchcraft Prosecution. London:
Routledge, 1997.
Edited Book
note:
3. Basil Dmytryshym, ed., Imperial Russia: A Source Book,
1700-1917 (New York: Academic International Press, 1999),
35-41.
bibliography:
Dmytryshyn, Basil, ed. Imperial Russia: A Source
Book, 1700-1917. New York: Academic International Press,
1999.
Group or corporate author
note:
4. Global Environment Coordination, Facing the Global
Environment Challenge (Washington, DC: Global Environment
Coordination Division, Environment Dept., The World Bank, 1994),
433.
bibliography:
Global Environment Coordination. Facing the
Global Environment Challenge. Washington, DC: Global
Environment Coordination Division, Environment Dept., The World
Bank, 1994.
Chapter or essay in book
note:
5. Craig H. Roell, "The Piano in the American Home," in The Arts
and the American Home, 1980-1930, ed. Jessica H. Foy and Karal
Ann Marling (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1994),
194.
bibliography:
Roell, Craig H. "The Piano in the American Home."
In The Arts and the American Home, 1890 - 1930, edited by
Jessica H. Foy and Karal Ann Marling, 193-204. Knoxville, TN:
University of Tennessee Press, 1994.
Article from a reference book
note:
6. Dictionary of American Biography, s.v. "Washington,
George."
For online reference sources, include URL and date of access.
bibliography:
Well-known encyclopedias and dictionaries are
usually not listed in the bibliography. For other reference works,
cite as a book. (for more information, see CMS )
Articles
(Chicago Manual of Style, sec. 17.148-17.203)
Article in a journal (one author)
note:
1. Ilya Bodonski, "Caring among the Forgotten," Journal of
Social Activism 14, no.3 (1989):117.
bibliography:
Bodonski, Ilya. "Caring among the Forgotten."
Journal of Social Activism 14, no.3 (1989): 112-34.
Article in a journal (multiple
authors)
note:
2. Arthur Carter and Margaret Speigel, "Childhood in Alsace,"
Journal of Modern History 74, no.4 (2002):741.
bibliography:
Carter, Arthur and Margaret Speigel. "Childhood in
Alsace." Journal of Modern History 74, no.4
(2002):738-79.
Article in a popular magazine
note:
3. Scott Spencer, "Childhood's End," Harper's, May 1979,
16.
bibliography:
Spencer, Scott. "Childhood's End." Harper's,
May 1979, 16-19.
Article in a newspaper
note:
4. Steven Erlanger, "Pact on Israeli Pullback Hinges on Defining
Army's Role," New York Times, sec. A, May 8, 1998.
"Because a newspaper's issue of any given day may include several
editions, and items may be moved or eliminated in various editions,
page numbers are best omitted. (CMS sec.
17.188)
bibliography:
Newspapers are usually cited in notes, not
bibliographies. (CMS sec.
17.191) If a bibliographic entry is included, it would be
formatted as follows:
Erlanger, Steve. "Pact on Israeli Pullback Hinges
on Defining Army's Role," New York Times, May 8, 1998, sec.
A.
Note: Different web browsers break the text
in different places of a URL. The URL should begin on the same line
as the rest of the citation information, with a break inserted
after a slash, if needed.
Article from a full-text database
note:
5. Wendy Zellner, "An Insider's Tale Of Enron's Toxic Culture,"
Business Week, March 31, 2003, 16,
http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/form/academic/s_guidednews.html.
bibliography:
Zellner, Wendy. "An Insider's Tale of Enron's Toxic
Culture." Business Week March 31, 2003, 16.
http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/form/academic/s_guidednews.html.
Article from an e-journal collection
note:
6. Miguel Edward, "Tribe or Nation? Nation Building and Public
Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania," World Politics 56, no.3
(2004): 330,
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/v056/56.3miguel.html.
bibliography:
Miguel, Edward. "Tribe or Nation? Nation Building
and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania." World Politics
56, no. 3 (2004): 327-362.
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/v056/56.3miguel.html.
Note: if the article has a DOI, use it in place of
the page numbers. See Chicago Manual of Style sec. 17.181
for more information and example.
Article from a free web e-journal
note:
7. Robert Shrum, "Taxing Clinton's Character," Slate, June
25, 1996, http://slate.msn.com/id/1573/.
bibliography:
Shrum, Robert. "Taxing Clinton's Character."
Slate, June 25, 1996. http://slate.msn.com/id/.
Note: if the article has a DOI, use it in place of
the page numbers. See Chicago Manual of Style sec. 17.181
for more information and example.
Media
(Chicago Manual of Style, sec. 17.263-17.273)
Music Score
note:
1. Charles L. Johnson, "Crazy Bone Rag," in Ragtime Jubilee: 42
Piano Gems, 1911-21, ed. David A. Jasen, 41-45 (Mineola, NY:
Dover Publications, 1997).
bibliography:
Johnson, Charles L. "Crazy Bone Rag." In Ragtime
Jubilee: 42 Piano Gems, 1911-21, edited by David A. Jasen,
41-45. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 1997.
"Published musical scores are treated in much the
same way as books." (CMS 17.263)
Sound Recording
note:
2. Virginia Eskin, Fluffy Ruffle Girls: Women in Ragtime,
Northeastern Records NR 9003-CD.
bibliography:
Eskin, Virginia. Fluffy Ruffle Girls: Women in
Ragtime. Northeastern Records NR 9003-CD.
Note: List sound recordings under the composer,
writer, or other person responsible for the content. The performer
may be added after the title. The recording company and the number
of the recording are usually enough to identify the recording. (CMS
sec. 17.265-268)
Video Recording
note:
3. Thelma & Louise, videocassette, directed
by Ridley Scott (Culver City, CA : MGM/UA Home Video, 1992).
bibliography:
Thelma & Louise. Directed by Ridley
Scott. Culver City, CA: MGM/UA Home Video, 1992. Videocassette.
"Facts of publication for video recordings
generally follow that of books, with the addition of the type of
medium. Scenes (individually accessible in DVDs) are treated as
chapters and cited by title or number. Ancillary materials, such as
critical commentary, is cited by author and title." (CMS
17.273)
Television
No example provided in Chicago Manual of
Style.
Chicago Manual Q & A provides
this example for bibliographies:
Friends. Episode no. 153, first broadcast 16
November 2000 by NBC. Directed by David Schwimmer and written by
Scott Silveri.
Web/Online
(Chicago Manual of Style, e-books: sec.
17.142-17.147, e-journals: 17.180-17.181, online magazines: 17.187,
online newspapers: 17.198, e-mail and web pages: 17.234-17.237, and
articles from full-text databases: 17.358-17.359)
Note: Different web browsers break the text
in different places of a URL. The URL should begin on the same line
as the rest of the citation information, with a break inserted
after a slash, if needed.
Web page
note:
1. Norman R. Yetman, "An Introduction to the WPA Slave Narratives,"
Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers'
Project, 1936-1938,
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/snhome.html.
bibliography:
Yetman, Norman R. "An Introduction to the WPA Slave
Narratives." Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal
Writers' Project, 1936-1938.
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/snhome.html.
Article from a free web e-journal
note:
7. Robert Shrum, "Taxing Clinton's Character," Slate, June
25, 1996, http://slate.msn.com/id/1573/.
bibliography:
Shrum, Robert. "Taxing Clinton's Character."
Slate, June 25, 1996. http://slate.msn.com/id/.
Note: if the article has a DOI, use it in place of
the page numbers. See Chicago Manual of Style sec. 17.181
for more information and example.
Article from a full-text database
note:
5. Wendy Zellner, "An Insider's Tale Of Enron's Toxic Culture,"
Business Week, March 31, 2003, 16,
http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/form/academic/s_guidednews.html.
bibliography:
Zellner, Wendy. "An Insider's Tale of Enron's Toxic
Culture." Business Week March 31, 2003, 16.
http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/form/academic/s_guidednews.html.
Article from an e-journal collection
note:
6. Miguel Edward, "Tribe or Nation? Nation Building and Public
Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania," World Politics 56, no.3
(2004): 330,
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/v056/56.3miguel.html.
bibliography:
Miguel, Edward. "Tribe or Nation? Nation Building
and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania." World Politics
56, no. 3 (2004): 327-362.
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/v056/56.3miguel.html.
Note: if the article has a DOI, use it in place of
the page numbers. See Chicago Manual of Style sec. 17.181
for more information and example.
Government
Information
(Chicago Manual of Style, sec. 17.290-17.356)
Congressional Hearings
note:
1. House Committee on International Relations, The Threat from
International Organized Crime and Global Terrorism: Hearing before
the Committee on International Relations, 105th Cong., 1st
sess., October 1, 1997, 6-8.
bibliography:
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on International
Relations. The Threat from International Organized Crime and
Global Terrorism: Hearing before the Committee on International
Relations. 105th Cong., 1st sess., October 1, 1997.
Executive Department Documents
(Chicago Manual of Style, sec. 17.317,
17.356)
note:
2. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National
Institute of Justice, The Threat of Russian Organized Crime,
by James O. Finckenauer and Yuri A. Voronin (Washington, DC:
Government Printing Office, 2001),
http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS15051.
bibliography:
U.S. Department of Justice. Office of Justice
Programs. National Institute of Justice. The Threat of Russian
Organized Crime, by James O. Finckenauer and Yuri A. Voronin.
Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2001.
http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS15051.
Unpublished
(Chicago Manual of Style, sec. 17.210-17.237)
Interview
note:
9. Frederick Rudolph, interview by author, Williamstown, MA, May
15, 2001.
bibliography:
Rudolph, Frederick. Interview by author.
Williamstown, MA, May, 15 2001.
"Unpublished interviews are best cited ... in
notes, though occasionally appear in bibliographies." (CMS
17.205)