根据Oracle的文档的描述，数据泵采用不同的方式导出导入，性能也会有明显的差别，这次正好有机会测试一下，迁移表空间、直接路径、外部表方式，以及数据库链方式导出、导入的性能差异。
这篇测试外部表导出、导入方式。
首先清除上一篇文章中导入的用户和表空间，并重新建立测试用户和表空间。
SQL> DROP USER TJSQ_NDMAIN CASCADE;
User dropped.
SQL> DROP USER TJSQ_TRADE CASCADE;
User dropped.
SQL> DROP USER TJSQ_GOV CASCADE;
User dropped.
SQL> DROP USER TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER CASCADE;
User dropped.
SQL> DROP USER TJSQ_TRADE_OPER CASCADE;
User dropped.
SQL> DROP TABLESPACE TJSQ INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;
Tablespace dropped.
SQL> DROP TABLESPACE TJSQ_TMP INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;
Tablespace dropped.
下面重新创建用户，并设置权限：
SQL> CREATE USER TJSQ_NDMAIN IDENTIFIED BY TJSQ_NDMAIN;
User created.
SQL> CREATE USER TJSQ_TRADE IDENTIFIED BY TJSQ_TRADE;
User created.
SQL> CREATE USER TJSQ_GOV IDENTIFIED BY TJSQ_GOV;
User created.
SQL> CREATE USER TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER IDENTIFIED BY TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER;
User created.
SQL> CREATE USER TJSQ_TRADE_OPER IDENTIFIED BY TJSQ_TRADE_OPER;
User created.
SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO TJSQ_GOV;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT RESOURCE TO TJSQ_GOV;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO TJSQ_NDMAIN;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT RESOURCE TO TJSQ_NDMAIN;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT RESOURCE TO TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO TJSQ_TRADE;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT RESOURCE TO TJSQ_TRADE;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO TJSQ_TRADE_OPER;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT RESOURCE TO TJSQ_TRADE_OPER;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO TJSQ_GOV;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO TJSQ_NDMAIN;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT CREATE DATABASE LINK TO TJSQ_TRADE;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO TJSQ_TRADE;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO TJSQ_TRADE_OPER;
Grant succeeded.
表空间的建立以及数据文件初始化的时间需要单独计时：
SQL> SET TIMING ON
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE TJSQ DATAFILE '/data/oracle/oradata/tjsq/tjsq01.dbf' size20g,
2 '/data/oracle/oradata/tjsq/tjsq02.dbf' size4g;
Tablespace created.
Elapsed: 00:02:07.68
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE TJSQ_TMP DATAFILE '/data/oracle/oradata/tjsq/tjsq_tmp.dbf' size4g;
Tablespace created.
Elapsed: 00:00:22.19
这个步骤总用时2分30秒。
显然执行外部表方式的导出，由于Oracle默认采用直接路径的方式，因此要改变这种默认的设置，就必须做一些改动。
对于导出而言，如果需要外部表方式对所有的表都适用，最好的方法就是使用QUERY方式导出，加上一个恒等的导出条件，将使得导出不在使用直接路径方式：
[oracle@yans2 ~]$ expdp system directory=d_dmpdp dumpfile=tjsq_external.dp schemas=tjsq_trade,tjsq_ndmain,tjsq_gov,tjsq_ndmain_oper,tjsq_trade_oper query=\"where 1=1\"
Export: Release10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production on Thursday, 18 June, 2009 15:59:13
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database10gEnterprise Edition Release10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=d_dmpdp dumpfile=tjsq_external.dp schemas=tjsq_trade,tjsq_ndmain,tjsq_gov,tjsq_ndmain_oper,tjsq_trade_oper query="where 1=1"
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 9.230 GB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLESPACE_QUOTA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYNONYM/SYNONYM
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SEQUENCE/SEQUENCE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SEQUENCE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/FUNCTION
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/COMPILE_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC/ALTER_PACKAGE_SPEC
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/ALTER_FUNCTION
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_BODY
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/POST_TABLE_ACTION
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/MATERIALIZED_VIEW_LOG
. . exported "TJSQ_TRADE"."ORD_HIT_COMM" 1.180 GB 1508527 rows
. . exported "TJSQ_TRADE"."CON_ITEM_SEND_IND" 829.2 MB 6212238 rows
. . exported "TJSQ_NDMAIN"."PLT_ORG_PLAT" 87.76 KB 1383 rows
.
.
.
. . exported "TJSQ_TRADE_OPER"."WYP_DISABLE_DUP" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "TJSQ_TRADE_OPER"."WYP_DISABLE_HEPING14" 0 KB 0 rows
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/data/dmp/tjsq_external.dp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 16:06:38
利用外部表方式导出用了7分25秒。
下面使用DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER包进行文件传送：
SQL> SET TIMING ON
SQL> EXEC DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER.GET_FILE('D_DMPDP', 'tjsq_external.dp', 'NEWDEMO', 'D_DMP', 'tjsq_external.dp')
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Elapsed: 00:10:22.82
文件传送用了10分23秒。
利用数据泵执行导入，同样的原因，为了使得每张表都使用外部表方式导入数据，这里添加了QUERY语句，在QUERY语句中加上一个恒等的条件。
[oracle@tj ~]$ impdp system dumpfile=tjsq_external.dp directory=d_dmp logfile=tjsq_imp_external.log query=\"where 1=1\"
Import: Release10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production on星期五, 19 6月, 2009 9:44:04
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database10gEnterprise Edition Release10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": system/******** dumpfile=tjsq_external.dp directory=d_dmp logfile=tjsq_imp_external.log query="where 1=1"
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
ORA-31684: Object type USER:"TJSQ_TRADE_OPER" already exists
ORA-31684: Object type USER:"TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER" already exists
ORA-31684: Object type USER:"TJSQ_GOV" already exists
ORA-31684: Object type USER:"TJSQ_NDMAIN" already exists
ORA-31684: Object type USER:"TJSQ_TRADE" already exists
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLESPACE_QUOTA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYNONYM/SYNONYM
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SEQUENCE/SEQUENCE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SEQUENCE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "TJSQ_TRADE"."ORD_HIT_COMM" 1.180 GB 1508527 rows
. . imported "TJSQ_TRADE"."CON_ITEM_SEND_IND" 829.2 MB 6212238 rows
. . imported "TJSQ_NDMAIN"."PLT_ORG_PLAT" 87.76 KB 1383 rows
.
.
.
. . imported "TJSQ_TRADE_OPER"."WYP_DISABLE_DUP" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "TJSQ_TRADE_OPER"."WYP_DISABLE_HEPING14" 0 KB 0 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/FUNCTION
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/COMPILE_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC/ALTER_PACKAGE_SPEC
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/ALTER_FUNCTION
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_BODY
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/POST_TABLE_ACTION
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/MATERIALIZED_VIEW_LOG
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 09:59:56
导入执行了15分52秒。
现在将执行结果插入到记录表中：
SQL> INSERT INTO T_EXPDP_IMPDP_RECORD VALUES
2 ('EXTERNAL_TABLE', 7*60+25, 623, 15*60+52, 150, 7*60+25+623+15*60+52+150);
1 row created.
SQL> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
SQL> SELECT * FROM T_EXPDP_IMPDP_RECORD
2 WHERE TYPE = 'EXTERNAL_TABLE';
TYPE EXPDP_TIME TRANS_TIME IMPDP_TIME OTHER_TIME TOTAL_TIME
-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
EXTERNAL_TABLE 445 623 952 150 2170
SQL> SELECT ROUND(EXPDP_TIME/TOTAL_TIME*100, 2) EXPDP_RATE,
2 ROUND(TRANS_TIME/TOTAL_TIME*100, 2) TRANS_RATE,
3 ROUND(IMPDP_TIME/TOTAL_TIME*100, 2) IMPDP_RATE,
4 ROUND(OTHER_TIME/TOTAL_TIME*100, 2) OTHER_RATE
5 FROM T_EXPDP_IMPDP_RECORD
6 WHERE TYPE = 'EXTERNAL_TABLE';
EXPDP_RATE TRANS_RATE IMPDP_RATE OTHER_RATE
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
20.51 28.71 43.87 6.91
可以看到，外部表方式的导出和导入速度都要比直接路径慢，而且导出操作尤为明显，不过可以确认的是，性能下降和两方面因素有关，一个是外部表方式确实效率低于直接路径方式，另一个是为了数据泵采用外部表方式而引入的QUERY语句，也会带来一定的性能代价。
和其他导入导出方式相比，外部表方式在导出、传送、导入三方面耗时相对来说比较平均。导出占20.5%，传送占了28.7%，而导入最长用了43.87。
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