AST抽象语法树
why主流项目插件的用途: javascript转译、代码压缩、css预处理、eslint、prettier等都建立在AST的基础上。
whataccording to the grammar of a programming language, each AST node corresponds to an item of a source code.(根据编程语言的语法，每个AST节点对应一个源代码项。)
demo
链接地址：astexplorer.net
AST解析工具
js语法function square(n) {
return n * n;
}
ast语法树// Parser acorn-8.0.1
{
"type": "Program",
"start": 0,
"end": 38,
"body": [
{
"type": "FunctionDeclaration",
"start": 0,
"end": 38,
"id": {
"type": "Identifier",
"start": 9,
"end": 15,
"name": "square"
},
"expression": false,
"generator": false,
"async": false,
"params": [
{
"type": "Identifier",
"start": 16,
"end": 17,
"name": "n"
}
],
"body": {
"type": "BlockStatement",
"start": 19,
"end": 38,
"body": [
{
"type": "ReturnStatement",
"start": 23,
"end": 36,
"argument": {
"type": "BinaryExpression",
"start": 30,
"end": 35,
"left": {
"type": "Identifier",
"start": 30,
"end": 31,
"name": "n"
},
"operator": "*",
"right": {
"type": "Identifier",
"start": 34,
"end": 35,
"name": "n"
}
}
}
]
}
}
],
"sourceType": "module"
}
从纯文本中得到AST(通过编译器)词法分析
scanner。它读取我们的代码，然后把他们按照预定的规则合并成一个个的标识(tokens).同时，它会移除空白符，注释等。最后，整个代码将被分割进一个tokens列表(或者说一维数组)。当词法分析源代码的时候，它会一个一个字母的读取代码。当它遇到空格，操作符，或者特殊符号的时候，它会认为一个会话已经完成了。
语法解析，也叫解析器
它将词法分析出来的数组转化成树形的表达形式。同时验证语法，语法错误，抛出语法错误。
当生成树的时候，解析器会删除一些没必要的标识tokens(比如不完整的括号)，因此AST不是100%与源码匹配，但我们已经能够知道如何处理了。题外话，解析器100%覆盖所有代码结构生成树叫做CST(具体语法树)
更多编译器知识将Lisp转化为C语言创造自己的语言，并将它编译成C语言或者机器语言，最后运行它。
重点介绍Babylon
Babylon
Babylon is a JavaScript parser used in Babel.Support for JSX, Flow, Typescript.
babel
babel是一个javascript编译器。宏观来说，它分为3个阶段运行代码：解析(parsing)，转译(transforming)，生成(generation)。我们可以给babel一些javascript代码，它修改代码然后生成新的代码返回。过程即创建AST，遍历树，修改tokens，最后从AST中生成最新的代码。
babel解析生成
1、使用babylon解析代码生成语法树import * as babylon from "babylon";
const code = `
const abc = 5;
`;
const ast = babylon.parse(code);
生成树结果:{
"type": "File",
"start": 0,
"end": 18,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 1,
"column": 0
},
"end": {
"line": 3,
"column": 0
}
},
"program": {
"type": "Program",
"start": 0,
"end": 18,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 1,
"column": 0
},
"end": {
"line": 3,
"column": 0
}
},
"sourceType": "script",
"body": [
{
"type": "VariableDeclaration",
"start": 3,
"end": 17,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 2
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 16
}
},
"declarations": [
{
"type": "VariableDeclarator",
"start": 9,
"end": 16,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 8
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 15
}
},
"id": {
"type": "Identifier",
"start": 9,
"end": 12,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 8
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 11
},
"identifierName": "abc"
},
"name": "abc"
},
"init": {
"type": "NumericLiteral",
"start": 15,
"end": 16,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 14
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 15
}
},
"extra": {
"rawValue": 5,
"raw": "5"
},
"value": 5
}
}
],
"kind": "const"
}
],
"directives": []
},
"comments": [],
"tokens": [
{
"type": {
"label": "const",
"keyword": "const",
"beforeExpr": false,
"startsExpr": false,
"rightAssociative": false,
"isLoop": false,
"isAssign": false,
"prefix": false,
"postfix": false,
"binop": null,
"updateContext": null
},
"value": "const",
"start": 3,
"end": 8,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 2
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 7
}
}
},
{
"type": {
"label": "name",
"beforeExpr": false,
"startsExpr": true,
"rightAssociative": false,
"isLoop": false,
"isAssign": false,
"prefix": false,
"postfix": false,
"binop": null
},
"value": "abc",
"start": 9,
"end": 12,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 8
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 11
}
}
},
{
"type": {
"label": "=",
"beforeExpr": true,
"startsExpr": false,
"rightAssociative": false,
"isLoop": false,
"isAssign": true,
"prefix": false,
"postfix": false,
"binop": null,
"updateContext": null
},
"value": "=",
"start": 13,
"end": 14,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 12
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 13
}
}
},
{
"type": {
"label": "num",
"beforeExpr": false,
"startsExpr": true,
"rightAssociative": false,
"isLoop": false,
"isAssign": false,
"prefix": false,
"postfix": false,
"binop": null,
"updateContext": null
},
"value": 5,
"start": 15,
"end": 16,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 14
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 15
}
}
},
{
"type": {
"label": ";",
"beforeExpr": true,
"startsExpr": false,
"rightAssociative": false,
"isLoop": false,
"isAssign": false,
"prefix": false,
"postfix": false,
"binop": null,
"updateContext": null
},
"start": 16,
"end": 17,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 15
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 16
}
}
},
{
"type": {
"label": "eof",
"beforeExpr": false,
"startsExpr": false,
"rightAssociative": false,
"isLoop": false,
"isAssign": false,
"prefix": false,
"postfix": false,
"binop": null,
"updateContext": null
},
"start": 18,
"end": 18,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 3,
"column": 0
},
"end": {
"line": 3,
"column": 0
}
}
}
]
}
2、使用babel的转换器transforming语法树语法import traverse from "babel-traverse";
traverse(ast, {
enter(path) {
if (path.node.type === "Identifier") {
path.node.name = path.node.name
.split("")
.reverse()
.join("");
}
}
});{
"type": "File",
"start": 0,
"end": 18,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 1,
"column": 0
},
"end": {
"line": 3,
"column": 0
}
},
"program": {
"type": "Program",
"start": 0,
"end": 18,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 1,
"column": 0
},
"end": {
"line": 3,
"column": 0
}
},
"sourceType": "script",
"body": [
{
"type": "VariableDeclaration",
"start": 3,
"end": 17,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 2
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 16
}
},
"declarations": [
{
"type": "VariableDeclarator",
"start": 9,
"end": 16,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 8
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 15
}
},
"id": {
"type": "Identifier",
"start": 9,
"end": 12,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 8
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 11
},
"identifierName": "abc"
},
"name": "cba"
},
"init": {
"type": "NumericLiteral",
"start": 15,
"end": 16,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 14
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 15
}
},
"extra": {
"rawValue": 5,
"raw": "5"
},
"value": 5
}
}
],
"kind": "const"
}
],
"directives": []
},
"comments": [],
"tokens": [
{
"type": {
"label": "const",
"keyword": "const",
"beforeExpr": false,
"startsExpr": false,
"rightAssociative": false,
"isLoop": false,
"isAssign": false,
"prefix": false,
"postfix": false,
"binop": null,
"updateContext": null
},
"value": "const",
"start": 3,
"end": 8,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 2
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 7
}
}
},
{
"type": {
"label": "name",
"beforeExpr": false,
"startsExpr": true,
"rightAssociative": false,
"isLoop": false,
"isAssign": false,
"prefix": false,
"postfix": false,
"binop": null
},
"value": "abc",
"start": 9,
"end": 12,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 8
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 11
}
}
},
{
"type": {
"label": "=",
"beforeExpr": true,
"startsExpr": false,
"rightAssociative": false,
"isLoop": false,
"isAssign": true,
"prefix": false,
"postfix": false,
"binop": null,
"updateContext": null
},
"value": "=",
"start": 13,
"end": 14,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 12
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 13
}
}
},
{
"type": {
"label": "num",
"beforeExpr": false,
"startsExpr": true,
"rightAssociative": false,
"isLoop": false,
"isAssign": false,
"prefix": false,
"postfix": false,
"binop": null,
"updateContext": null
},
"value": 5,
"start": 15,
"end": 16,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 14
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 15
}
}
},
{
"type": {
"label": ";",
"beforeExpr": true,
"startsExpr": false,
"rightAssociative": false,
"isLoop": false,
"isAssign": false,
"prefix": false,
"postfix": false,
"binop": null,
"updateContext": null
},
"start": 16,
"end": 17,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 2,
"column": 15
},
"end": {
"line": 2,
"column": 16
}
}
},
{
"type": {
"label": "eof",
"beforeExpr": false,
"startsExpr": false,
"rightAssociative": false,
"isLoop": false,
"isAssign": false,
"prefix": false,
"postfix": false,
"binop": null,
"updateContext": null
},
"start": 18,
"end": 18,
"loc": {
"start": {
"line": 3,
"column": 0
},
"end": {
"line": 3,
"column": 0
}
}
}
]
}
3、使用babel的生成器generator代码import generate from "@babel/generator";
const newCode = generate(ast).code;
// newCode => const cba = 5;
babel插件制作(babel-plugins)
在上述步骤中，第一步(解析)和第三步(生成)有babel处理。
当开发babel-plugin插件的时候，我们只需要描述转化你的AST节点的"visitors"就可以了。// my-babel-plugin.js
module.exports = function() {
return {
visitor: {
Identifier(path) {
const name = path.node.name;
console.log(name);
path.node.name = name
.split("")
.reverse()
.join("");
}
}
};
};
// 在babel.config.js中注册插件，重启项目才能生效
// plugins: ["./src/plugins/mybabelplugin.js"]
自动代码重构工具，神器JSCodeshift
例如说你想要替换掉所有的老掉牙的匿名函数, 把他们变成Lambda表达式(箭头函数)。// transform
load().then(function(response)) {
return response.data;
}
// to
load().then(response => response.data)
上述操作代码编辑器可能没办法这么做，因为这并不是简单的查找替换操作。这时候jscodeshift就可以使用了。
如果你想创建自动把你的代码从旧的框架迁移到新的框架，这就是一种很nice的方式。
jscodeshift是一个工具包，用于在多个JavaScript或TypeScript文件上运行codemods。
react-codemod
This repository contains a collection of codemod scripts for use with JSCodeshift that help update React APIs.
此存储库包含一组codemod脚本，用于jscodeshift，用于更新React api。
Prettier// transform
foo(reallyLongArg(), omgSoManyParameters(), IShouldRefactorThis()),isThereSeriouselyAnotherOne());
// to
foo {
reallyLongArg(),
omgSoManyParameters(),
IShouldRefactorThis(),
isThereSeriouselyAnotherOne()
};
// Prettier 格式化我们的代码。它调整长句，整理空格，括号等。
Finally
它将js代码转化生成svg流程图
这是一个很好的例子，因为它向你展现了你，当你拥有AST时，可以做任何你想要做的事。把AST转回成字符串代码并不是必要的，你可以通过它画一个流程图，或者其它你想要的东西。
js2flowchart使用场景是什么呢？通过流程图，你可以解释你的代码，或者给你代码写文档；通过可视化的解释学习其他人的代码；通过简单的js语法，为每个处理过程简单的描述创建流程图。
你也可以在代码中使用它，或者通过CLI，你只需要指向你想生成SVG的文件就行。而且，还有VS Code插件(链接在项目readme中)
首先，解析代码成AST，然后，我们遍历AST并且生成另一颗树，我称之为工作流树。它删除很多不重要的额tokens，但是将关键块放在一起，如函数、循环、条件等。再之后，我们遍历工作流树并且创建形状树。每个形状树的节点包含可视化类型、位置、在树中的连接等信息。最后一步，我们遍历所有的形状，生成对应的SVG，合并所有的SVG到一个文件中.
后续会持续更新，学习中。。。
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