python curl headers解析,Python要求通过SSL认证的curl等效于'--proxy-header'

I am a newbie vis-a-vis Python.

I have a requirement, where a request to a destination(webpage) must go through a proxy server.

I need to pass headers to the "Proxy server" (same as --proxy-header of curl)

Need to add an SSL certificate (a '.cer' file) to read the passed headers to the proxy server(a 'Man In the Middle' scenario) on CONNECT.

The curl equivalent of my requirement is as follows:

curl -k --verbose --cacert /proxy/cert/folder/proxy-certificate.cer --proxy-header "header1: value1" --proxy 'http://localhost:8080/' 'https://destination.com'

I did come across a similar example How does one specify the equivalent of `--proxy-headers` curl argument into requests?. But I am unsure how to incorporate this with an SSL certificate.

My Code:

proxyheaders = { 'http://localhost:9090/': { 'header1': 'value1' } }

class ProxyHeaderAwareHTTPAdapter(requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter):

def proxy_headers(self, proxy):

if proxy in proxyheaders:

return proxyheaders[proxy]

else:

return None

s = requests.Session()

s.mount('http://', ProxyHeaderAwareHTTPAdapter())

s.mount('https://', ProxyHeaderAwareHTTPAdapter())

URL = "https://stackoverflow.com/"

cert_file_path = "/Path/to/certificate/proxy-certificate.cer"

try:

s.get(URL, verify=cert_file_path)

except Exception as e:

print(e)

I get the following error:

HTTPSConnectionPool(host='stackoverflow.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1056)')))

解决方案

THIS IS NOT A SOLUTION:

When i usually encounter certificate/verification errors, i just force it to not verify the certificate using the code below:

conda config --set ssl_verify false

Note that this is not usually recommended and i usually do it temporarily until i finish either running spicific script or downloading a library or so. If you want to try this and if it works for you, remember to turn it back on once done using the code below:

conda config --set ssl_verify true