python中函数的定义是什么_在Python函数定义中是什么意思？

这些是PEP 3107中涵盖的function注释。 具体来说， ->标记返回函数注释。

例子：

>>> def kinetic_energy(m:'in KG', v:'in M/S')->'Joules': ... return 1/2*m*v**2 ... >>> kinetic_energy.__annotations__ {'return': 'Joules', 'v': 'in M/S', 'm': 'in KG'}

注释是词典，所以你可以这样做：

>>> '{:,} {}'.format(kinetic_energy(20,3000), kinetic_energy.__annotations__['return']) '90,000,000.0 Joules'

你也可以有一个Python数据结构，而不仅仅是一个string：

>>> rd={'type':float,'units':'Joules','docstring':'Given mass and velocity returns kinetic energy in Joules'} >>> def f()->rd: ... pass >>> f.__annotations__['return']['type'] >>> f.__annotations__['return']['units'] 'Joules' >>> f.__annotations__['return']['docstring'] 'Given mass and velocity returns kinetic energy in Joules'

或者，您可以使用函数属性来validation调用的值：

def validate(func, locals): for var, test in func.__annotations__.items(): value = locals[var] try: pr=test.__name__+': '+test.__docstring__ except AttributeError: pr=test.__name__ msg = '{}=={}; Test: {}'.format(var, value, pr) assert test(value), msg def between(lo, hi): def _between(x): return lo <= x <= hi _between.__docstring__='must be between {} and {}'.format(lo,hi) return _between def f(x: between(3,10), y:lambda _y: isinstance(_y,int)): validate(f, locals()) print(x,y)

打印

>>> f(2,2) AssertionError: x==2; Test: _between: must be between 3 and 10 >>> f(3,2.1) AssertionError: y==2.1; Test: