计算机网络自顶向下实验资料,计算机网络自顶向下方法：实验记录

WebServer

1. 实验目的

了解Python中的TCP套接字编程基础，包括创建套接字，将套接字保定到指定的地址与接口，以及收发包

了解一些 HTTP 首部行格式

2. 实验内容

开发一个网页服务器，单线程地处理HTTP请求

此服务器应该能完成以下工作

接收并分析 HTTP 请求

从本地文件系统中查找被请求地文件

创建包含首部行和请求文件内容的响应报文

将响应报文发送给客户端

当文件不存在时，应发送给客户端“404 Not Found”

3. 程序代码

#import socket module

from socket import *

import sys # In order to terminate the program

# 1. Create a socket for TCP connection

serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)# the parameters indicate this is a socket based on Ipv4 and TCP

# Prepare a server socket

serverPort = 6789

serverSocket.bind(('', serverPort))

serverSocket.listen(1) #the parameter specifies the number of unaccepted connections that the system will allow before refusing new connections

while True:

#2. Establish the connection

print('Ready to serve...')

connectionSocket, addr = serverSocket.accept()

try:

# 3. recieve a HTTP query

message = connectionSocket.recv(2048).decode()

print(message)

# 4. search the file in local system

filename = message.split()[1]

f = open(filename[1:])

outputdata = f.read()

# 5. create and send the response message

# Send one HTTP header line into socket

header = 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n'

header += 'Connection: close\n'

header += 'Content-Type: text/html\n'

header += 'Content-Length: %d\n\n' % (len(outputdata))

connectionSocket.send(header.encode())

# Send the content of the requested file to the client

for i in range(0, len(outputdata)):

connectionSocket.send(outputdata[i].encode())

#send the end message

connectionSocket.send("\r\n".encode())

except IOError:

#6. Send response message for file not found

connectionSocket.send('HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found'.encode())

connectionSocket.send("\r\n".encode())

connectionSocket.close()

serverSocket.close()

sys.exit()#Terminate the program after sending the corresponding data

4. 实验过程

在主机上运行网页服务器代码 WebServer.py

通过浏览器访问服务器中的文件

http://localhost:6789/HelloWorld.html

http://localhost:6789/NotExisted.html

5. 实验结果

使用http://localhost:6789/HelloWorld.html成功地请求并加载了本地的页面

使用http://localhost:6789/HelloWorld.html得到404的提示

网页服务器接收的请求报文部分内容如下

GET /HelloWorld.html HTTP/1.1

Host: localhost:6789

Connection: keep-alive

Cache-Control: max-age=0

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.116 Safari/537.36

Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br

Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8

Cookie: _ga=GA1.1.873531135.1587267004; _gid=GA1.1.970751890.1594543167

6. 实验小结

掌握了如何使用Python创建基于TCP连接的服务器端套接字

对象 socket

方法 .bind() .listen() .accept() .send() .recv()

实际查看了 HTTP 的请求报文中的首行部信息，并在响应报文中编辑了相应的首部行

header = 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n'

header += 'Connection: close\n'

header += 'Content-Type: text/html\n'

header += 'Content-Length: %d\n\n' % (len(outputdata))