synchronized 加到 static 方法前面是给class 加锁,即类锁;而synchronized 加到非静态方法前面是给对象上锁。
Java中 synchronized 对象锁和类锁的区别 这两者的区别我用代码来演示下
对象锁和类锁是不同的锁,所以多个线程同时执行这2个不同锁的方法时,是异步的。
在Task2 中定义三个方法 doLongTimeTaskA和doLongTimeTaskB是类锁,而doLongTimeTaskC是对象锁。
public class Task2 {
public synchronized static void doLongTimeTaskA() {
System.out.println("name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", begain");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", end");
}
public synchronized static void doLongTimeTaskB() {
System.out.println("name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", begain");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", end");
}
public synchronized void doLongTimeTaskC() {
System.out.println("name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", begain");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", end");
}
三个线程的代码如下:
class ThreadA extends Thread{
private Task2 mTask2;
public ThreadA(Task2 tk){
mTask2 = tk;
}
public void run() {
mTask2.doLongTimeTaskA();
}
}
class ThreadB extends Thread{
private Task2 mTask2;
public ThreadB(Task2 tk){
mTask2 = tk;
}
public void run() {
mTask2.doLongTimeTaskB();
}
}
class ThreadC extends Thread{
private Task2 mTask2;
public ThreadC(Task2 tk){
mTask2 = tk;
}
public void run() {
mTask2.doLongTimeTaskC();
}
}
main函数中执行代码如下:
Task2 mTask2 = new Task2();
ThreadA ta = new ThreadA(mTask2);
ThreadB tb = new ThreadB(mTask2);
ThreadC tc = new ThreadC(mTask2);
ta.setName("A");
tb.setName("B");
tc.setName("C");
ta.start();
tb.start();
tc.start();
执行的结果如下:
name = A, begain, time = 1487311199783
name = C, begain, time = 1487311199783
name = C, end, time = 1487311200784
name = A, end, time = 1487311200784
name = B, begain, time = 1487311200784
name = B, end, time = 1487311201784
可以看出由于 doLongTimeTaskA和doLongTimeTaskB都是类锁,即同一个锁,所以 A和B是按顺序执行,即同步的。而C是对象锁,和A/B不是同一种锁,所以C和A、B是 异步执行的。(A、B、C代指上面的3中方法)。
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我们知道对象锁要想保持同步执行,那么锁住的必须是同一个对象。下面就修改下上面的来证明:
Task2.java不变,修改ThreadA 和 ThreadB 如下:
class ThreadA extends Thread{
private Task2 mTask2;
public ThreadA(Task2 tk){
mTask2 = tk;
}
public void run() {
mTask2.doLongTimeTaskC();
}
}
class ThreadB extends Thread{
private Task2 mTask2;
public ThreadB(Task2 tk){
mTask2 = tk;
}
public void run() {
mTask2.doLongTimeTaskC();
}
}
main方法如下:
Task2 mTaska = new Task2();
Task2 mTaskb = new Task2();
ThreadA ta = new ThreadA(mTaska );
ThreadB tb = new ThreadB(mTaskb );
ta.setName("A");
tb.setName("B");
ta.start();
tb.start();
结果如下:
name = A, begain, time = 1487311905775
name = B, begain, time = 1487311905775
name = B, end, time = 1487311906775
name = A, end, time = 1487311906775
从结果看来,对象锁锁的对象不一样,分别是mTaska , mTaskb,所以线程A和线程B调用 doLongTimeTaskC 是异步执行的。
但是,类锁可以对类的所有对象的实例起作用。只需修改ThradA 和 ThreadB,main 方法不做改变,修改如下:
class ThreadA extends Thread{
private Task2 mTask2;
public ThreadA(Task2 tk){
mTask2 = tk;
}
public void run() {
//mTask2.doLongTimeTaskC();
mTask2.doLongTimeTaskA();
}
}
class ThreadB extends Thread{
private Task2 mTask2;
public ThreadB(Task2 tk){
mTask2 = tk;
}
public void run() {
//mTask2.doLongTimeTaskC();
mTask2.doLongTimeTaskA();
}
}
结果如下:
name = A, begain, time = 1487312239674
name = A, end, time = 1487312240674
name = B, begain, time = 1487312240674
name = B, end, time = 1487312241674
可以看出 在线程A执行完doLongTimeTaskA方法后,线程B才会获得该类锁接着去执行doLongTimeTaskA。也就是说,类锁对所有的该类对象都能起作用。