python中相对路径怎么写,Python中的相对路径

I'm building a simple helper script for work that will copy a couple of template files in our code base to the current directory. I don't, however, have the absolute path to the directory where the templates are stored. I do have a relative path from the script but when I call the script it treats that as a path relative to the current working directory. Is there a way to specify that this relative url is from the location of the script instead?

解决方案

In the file that has the script, you want to do something like this:

import os

dirname = os.path.dirname(__file__)

filename = os.path.join(dirname, 'relative/path/to/file/you/want')

This will give you the absolute path to the file you're looking for. Note that if you're using setuptools, you should probably use its package resources API instead.

UPDATE: I'm responding to a comment here so I can paste a code sample. :-)

Am I correct in thinking that __file__ is not always available (e.g. when you run the file directly rather than importing it)?

I'm assuming you mean the __main__ script when you mention running the file directly. If so, that doesn't appear to be the case on my system (python 2.5.1 on OS X 10.5.7):

#foo.py

import os

print os.getcwd()

print __file__

#in the interactive interpreter

>>> import foo

/Users/jason

foo.py

#and finally, at the shell:

~ % python foo.py

/Users/jason

foo.py

However, I do know that there are some quirks with __file__ on C extensions. For example, I can do this on my Mac:

>>> import collections #note that collections is a C extension in Python 2.5

>>> collections.__file__

'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/lib-

dynload/collections.so'

However, this raises an exception on my Windows machine.