java 静态 初始化 继承,java继承的静态初始化

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println(B.x);

}

}

class A {

public static String x = "x";

}

class B extends A {

static {

System.out.print("Inside B.");

}

}

Question: Why output will be: "x". But not: "Inside B.x"

解决方案

The reference to B.x issues the following bytecode:

getstatic #3

The Java virtual machine instructions anewarray, checkcast, getfield,

getstatic, instanceof, invokedynamic, invokeinterface, invokespecial,

invokestatic, invokevirtual, ldc, ldc_w, multianewarray, new,

putfield, and putstatic make symbolic references to the runtime

constant pool. Execution of any of these instructions requires

resolution of its symbolic reference.

So the JVM should resolve the symbolic reference to B.x. The field resolution is specified like this:

To resolve an unresolved symbolic reference from D to a field in a

class or interface C, the symbolic reference to C given by the field

reference must first be resolved (§5.4.3.1).

...

When resolving a field reference, field resolution first attempts to

look up the referenced field in C and its superclasses:

If C declares a field with the name and descriptor specified by the

field reference, field lookup succeeds. The declared field is the

result of the field lookup.

Otherwise, field lookup is applied recursively to the direct

superinterfaces of the specified class or interface C.

Otherwise, if C has a superclass S, field lookup is applied

recursively to S.

Otherwise, field lookup fails.

In other words the JVM will resolve B.x into A.x. This is why only A class needs to be loaded.