linux内核调度 0号进程,linux内核的0号进程是在哪里创建的?

1. 0号进程即为idle进程或swapper进程,也就是空闲进程

2. 0号进程特点

idle是一个进程，其pid为0。

主处理器上的idle由原始进程(pid=0)演变而来。从处理器上的idle由init进程fork得到，但是它们的pid都为0。

Idle进程为最低优先级，且不参与调度，只是在运行队列为空的时候才被调度。

Idle循环等待need_resched置位。默认使用hlt节能。

3. 展示一下源码(linux 5.2)

void cpu_startup_entry(enum cpuhp_state state)

{

arch_cpu_idle_prepare();

cpuhp_online_idle(state);

while (1)

do_idle();

}

*

* Called with polling cleared.

*/

static void do_idle(void)

{

int cpu = smp_processor_id();

/*

* If the arch has a polling bit, we maintain an invariant:

*

* Our polling bit is clear if we're not scheduled (i.e. if rq->curr !=

* rq->idle). This means that, if rq->idle has the polling bit set,

* then setting need_resched is guaranteed to cause the CPU to

* reschedule.

*/

__current_set_polling();

tick_nohz_idle_enter();

while (!need_resched()) {

check_pgt_cache();

rmb();

if (cpu_is_offline(cpu)) {

tick_nohz_idle_stop_tick_protected();

cpuhp_report_idle_dead();

arch_cpu_idle_dead();

}

local_irq_disable();

arch_cpu_idle_enter();

/*

* In poll mode we reenable interrupts and spin. Also if we

* detected in the wakeup from idle path that the tick

* broadcast device expired for us, we don't want to go deep

* idle as we know that the IPI is going to arrive right away.

*/

if (cpu_idle_force_poll || tick_check_broadcast_expired()) {

tick_nohz_idle_restart_tick();

cpu_idle_poll();

} else {

cpuidle_idle_call();

}

arch_cpu_idle_exit();

}

/*

* Since we fell out of the loop above, we know TIF_NEED_RESCHED must

* be set, propagate it into PREEMPT_NEED_RESCHED.

*

* This is required because for polling idle loops we will not have had

* an IPI to fold the state for us.

*/

preempt_set_need_resched();

tick_nohz_idle_exit();

__current_clr_polling();

/*

* We promise to call sched_ttwu_pending() and reschedule if

* need_resched() is set while polling is set. That means that clearing

* polling needs to be visible before doing these things.

*/

smp_mb__after_atomic();

sched_ttwu_pending();

schedule_idle();

if (unlikely(klp_patch_pending(current)))

klp_update_patch_state(current);

}

4. 0号进程都干什么了?

idle进程中并不执行什么有意义的任务，所以通常考虑的是两点：1.节能，2.低退出延迟。

循环判断need_resched以降低退出延迟，用idle()来节能。

默认的idle实现是hlt指令，hlt指令使CPU处于暂停状态，等待硬件中断发生的时候恢复，从而达到节能的目的。即从处理器C0态变到C1态(见 ACPI标准)。这也是早些年windows平台上各种”处理器降温”工具的主要手段。当然idle也可以是在别的ACPI或者APM模块中定义的，甚至是自定义的一个idle(比如说nop)。