首先我们要使用scrapy shell 最好先安装ipython, 这个应用能让我们在python中使用Tab来补齐命令
pip install ipython
我们开始抓取一个网站
进入我们的项目目录
root@uliweb:~/spider/boge# pwd
/root/spider/boge
root@uliweb:~/spider/boge# scrapy shell http://blu-raydisc.tv/
2014-06-04 08:22:37+0800 [scrapy] INFO: Scrapy 0.22.2 started (bot: boge)
2014-06-04 08:22:37+0800 [scrapy] INFO: Optional features available: ssl, http11
2014-06-04 08:22:37+0800 [scrapy] INFO: Overridden settings: {'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'boge.spiders', 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['boge.spiders'], 'LOGSTATS_INTERVAL': 0, 'BOT_NAME': 'boge'}
2014-06-04 08:22:37+0800 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled extensions: TelnetConsole, CloseSpider, WebService, CoreStats, SpiderState
2014-06-04 08:22:37+0800 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares: HttpAuthMiddleware, DownloadTimeoutMiddleware, UserAgentMiddleware, RetryMiddleware, DefaultHeadersMiddleware, MetaRefreshMiddleware, HttpCompressionMiddleware, RedirectMiddleware, CookiesMiddleware, ChunkedTransferMiddleware, DownloaderStats
2014-06-04 08:22:37+0800 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares: HttpErrorMiddleware, OffsiteMiddleware, RefererMiddleware, UrlLengthMiddleware, DepthMiddleware
2014-06-04 08:22:37+0800 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled item pipelines: ImagesPipeline
2014-06-04 08:22:37+0800 [scrapy] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 0.0.0.0:6023
2014-06-04 08:22:37+0800 [scrapy] DEBUG: Web service listening on 0.0.0.0:6080
2014-06-04 08:22:37+0800 [default] INFO: Spider opened
2014-06-04 08:22:40+0800 [default] DEBUG: Crawled (200) (referer: None)
[s] Available Scrapy objects:
[s] crawler
[s] item {}
[s] request
[s] response <200 http://blu-raydisc.tv/>
[s] sel
[s] settings >
[s] spider
[s] Useful shortcuts:
[s] shelp() Shell help (print this help)
[s] fetch(req_or_url) Fetch request (or URL) and update local objects
[s] view(response) View response in a browser
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/IPython/frontend.py:30: UserWarning: The top-level `frontend` package has been deprecated. All its subpackages have been moved to the top `IPython` level.
warn("The top-level `frontend` package has been deprecated. "
已经抓取成功,注意看上面的命令,我们下面会用到response和sel,关于其他命令我们暂时用不到,以后再做讲解
In [1]: print response.
response.body response.copy response.flags response.meta response.request response.url
response.body_as_unicode response.encoding response.headers response.replace response.status
In [1]: print response.bo
response.body response.body_as_unicode
In [1]: print response.body 这里因为抓取的主页有点大,所以不打印出来了
我现在想抓图片试试,看看最近有什么好看的电影,我在这里截取了一段HTML代码
首先分析下,图片在什么位置,以什么方式存在在这个代码里,我们这里可以用正则匹配,也可以用强大的xpath
In [11]: sel.xpath('//img/@src').extract()
Out[11]:
[u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/images/logo.png',
u'data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAJEAAAAAAP///wAAACH5BAEHAAIALAAAAAABAAEAAAICVAEAOw==',
u'data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAJEAAAAAAP///wAAACH5BAEHAAIALAAAAAABAAEAAAICVAEAOw==',
u'data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAJEAAAAAAP///wAAACH5BAEHAAIALAAAAAABAAEAAAICVAEAOw==',
u'data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAJEAAAAAAP///wAAACH5BAEHAAIALAAAAAABAAEAAAICVAEAOw==',
u'data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAJEAAAAAAP///wAAACH5BAEHAAIALAAAAAABAAEAAAICVAEAOw==',
u'http://i.blu-raydisc.tv/images/photos/A_5.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.04.game-of-thrones-season-4.game-of-thrones-season-4_0nsp_275.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.02.winter-s-tale.winter-s-tale_1nsp_275.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.04.that-demon-within.that-demon-within_0nsp_275.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.04.the-fatal-encounter.the-fatal-encounter_0nsp_275.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.06.edge-of-tomorrow.edge-of-tomorrow_0nsp_275.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.05.the-amazing-spider-man-2.the-amazing-spider-man-2_01nsp_275.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.05.x-men-days-of-future-past.x-men-days-of-future-past_1nsp_275.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.03.300-rise-of-an-empire.300-rise-of-an-empire_1nsp_275.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.03.the-grand-budapest-hotel.the-grand-budapest-hotel_0nsp_275.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2013.09.las-brujas-de-zugarramurdi.las-brujas-de-zugarramurdi_0nsp_275.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.04.oculus.oculus_0nsp_275.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.04.captain-america.captain-america_14nsp_275.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2015.07.terminator-genesis.terminator-genesis_001nsp_282.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2016.03.prometheus-2.prometheus-2_001nsp_282.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2016.03.warcraft.warcraft_001nsp_282.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2015.06.the-fantastic-four.the-fantastic-four_001nsp_282.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2015.05.the-avengers-2.the-avengers-2_001nsp_282.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2016.01.pirates-of-the-caribbean.pirates-of-the-caribbean_001nsp_282.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2016.01.avatar-2.avatar-2_001nsp_282.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.08.Guardians-of-the-Galaxy.Guardians-of_1nsp_282.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.06.Transfomers-4.Transfomers-4_0nsp_282.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.03.need-for-speed.need-for-speed_1nsp_282.jpg',
u'http://i.blu-raydisc.tv/images/photos/the-hobbit-2.jpg',
u'http://i.blu-raydisc.tv/images/photos/the-hobbit-2_1.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.04.game-of-thrones-season-4.game-of-thrones-season-4_0newspro1.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.02.winter-s-tale.winter-s-tale_1newspro1.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.04.that-demon-within.that-demon-within_0newspro1.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2011.07.Ice-Age-3.Ice-Age-3_01newspro1.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.04.the-fatal-encounter.the-fatal-encounter_0newspro1.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.1987.07.a-chinese-ghost-story.a-chinese-ghost-story_1newspro1.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.1990.07.sinnui-yauman-2.sinnui-yauman-2_1newspro1.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.1991.09.a-chinese-ghost-story-3.a-chinese-ghost-story-3_1newspro1.jpg',
u'http://blu-raydisc.tv/modules/mod_news_pro_gk4/cache/Film.2014.06.edge-of-tomorrow.edge-of-tomorrow_0newspro1.jpg']
In [12]: sel.xpath('//img/@data-src').extract()
Out[12]:
[u'http://i.blu-raydisc.tv/images/photos/A_4.jpg',
u'http://i.blu-raydisc.tv/images/photos/A_3.jpg',
u'http://i.blu-raydisc.tv/images/photos/A_2.jpg',
u'http://i.blu-raydisc.tv/images/photos/A_1.jpg',
u'http://i.blu-raydisc.tv/images/photos/16.jpg']
好这就是我们爬到图片地址
sel.xpath('//img/@src').extract() 这个我是屡试不爽,HTML代码的图片存放路径基本都可以用这个方式爬去到
sel.xpath('//a/@title').extract() 抓取电影title
我们这样分析好了,如何能得到需要的数据,下面我们就来讲如何利用scrapy来做一个简单的初级的爬虫。