python的lambda用法_python lambda的用法

Python通过构建"lambda"提供一种在程序运行时创建一个匿名函数的机制，即，函数不是和一个函数名绑定的。Python中的lambda并不函数式编程中的lambda，但是却是一个很强大的用法，通常和``map(), filter(), reduce()``联合起来使用。

- 和普通函数的区别

```

>>> def f(x) : return x**2

...

>>> print f(8)

64

>>> g = lambda x: x**2

>>>

>>> print g(8)

64

```

- 注意到，lambda并未包含一个return的声明，同样，在任何一个需要函数的地方都可以使用lambda而不需要指代一个函数名。

-----------------------

##进阶用法

```

>>> foo = [2,18,9,22,17,24,8,12,27]

>>> print filter(lambda x: x%3 == 0, foo)

[18, 9, 24, 12, 27]

>>>

>>> print map(lambda x: x*2+10, foo)

[14, 46, 28, 54, 44, 58, 26, 34, 64]

>>>

>>> print reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, foo)

139

```

P.S.

- map()用法

- map(function_to_apply, list_to_input)

- Most of the times we want to pass all the list elements to a function one-by-one and then collect the output.

- For Example

```

items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

squared = []

for i in items:

squared.append(i**2)

```

这段的代码功能和下面的功能一样：

```

items = [1,2,3,4,5]

squared = list(map(lambda x: x**2, items))

```

- filter()用法

- filter creates a list of elements for which a function returns true.

- Reduce()用法

- reduce is a really usedful function for performing some computation on al list returning the result.

- It applies a rolling computation to sequential pairs of value.

- 下面的两个代码片段执行的功能是相等的：

```

product = 1

list = [1, 2, 3, 4]

for num in list:

product = product * num

# product = 24

```

```

from functools import reduce

product = reduce((lambda x, y: x * y), [1, 2, 3, 4])

```