linux c 判断文件属性,linux c查看文件属性stat,lstat,fstat

linux c查看文件属性stat,lstat,fstat

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文件属性也叫文件元数据。我们从系统调用stat() 开始讲，可利用其返回一个包含多种文件属性的结构。#include

struct stat {

dev_t st_dev; /* 记录文件主，次设备号 */

ino_t st_ino; /* I-node号 */

mode_t st_mode; /* 文件类型和权限 */

nlink_t st_nlink; /* 硬链接数 */

uid_t st_uid; /* uid */

gid_t st_gid; /* gid */

dev_t st_rdev; /* 设备的主，次设备号 */

off_t st_size; /* 文件大小(字节)*/

blksize_t st_blksize; /* Optimal block size for I/O (bytes) */

blkcnt_t st_blocks; /* Number of (512B) blocks allocated */

time_t st_atime; /* 最近访问时间 */

time_t st_mtime; /* 最近修改时间 */

time_t st_ctime; /* 最近状态修改时间 */

};

int stat(const char *pathname, struct stat *statbuf);

//如果是符号链接，则会返回链接文件本身，而不是它指向的文件

int lstat(const char *pathname, struct stat *statbuf);

int fstat(int fd, struct stat *statbuf);

对于常规文件，st_size 字段表示文件的字节数，对于符号链接，则表示链接所指向路径名的长度，对于共享内存，该字段表示对象的大小(后面文章将讲解)。

st_blocks 字段表示实际分配给文件的总块数，块大小一般为512字节，其中包括了为指针块所分配的空间，一般来说st_blocks转为字节数大于等于st_size(因为一个块只能被一个文件占用)，但是特殊情况，比如有文件空洞(这里不做讲解，可自行查阅相关资料)，则会小于。

st_blksize 字段指的是文件i/o操作最优块大小，一般为4096。

st_mode 字段内含位掩码，起标识文件类型和指定文件权限的双重作用。布局情况如图。

校验文件类型或权限switch (sb->st_mode & S_IFMT) {

case S_IFREG: printf("regular file\n"); break;

case S_IFDIR: printf("directory\n"); break;

case S_IFCHR: printf("character device\n"); break;

case S_IFBLK: printf("block device\n"); break;

case S_IFLNK: printf("symbolic (soft) link\n"); break;

case S_IFIFO: printf("FIFO or pipe\n"); break;

case S_IFSOCK: printf("socket\n"); break;

default: printf("unknown file type?\n"); break;

}

#define S_ISDIR(m)(((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)

#define S_ISFIFO(m)(((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO)

#define S_ISCHR(m)(((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR)

#define S_ISBLK(m)(((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK)

#define S_ISREG(m)(((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG)

例子#include

#include //major minor宏命令支持

#include

#include

#include

#include

/*

用来校验文件设置了

set-user-ID, set-group-ID, sticky bit

*/

#define FP_SPECIAL 1

typedef enum { FALSE, TRUE } Boolean;

#define STR_SIZE sizeof("rwxrwxrwx")

char *filePermStr(mode_t perm, int flags);

static void

displayStatInfo(const struct stat *sb){

printf("File type: ");

switch (sb->st_mode & S_IFMT) {

case S_IFREG: printf("regular file\n"); break;

case S_IFDIR: printf("directory\n"); break;

case S_IFCHR: printf("character device\n"); break;

case S_IFBLK: printf("block device\n"); break;

case S_IFLNK: printf("symbolic (soft) link\n"); break;

case S_IFIFO: printf("FIFO or pipe\n"); break;

case S_IFSOCK: printf("socket\n"); break;

default: printf("unknown file type?\n"); break;

}

if(sb->st_mode & S_IFMT == S_IFBLK){

printf("设备文件主次设备号: major=%ld minor=%ld\n",

(long) major(sb->st_rdev), (long) minor(sb->st_rdev));

}else{

printf("主次设备号: major=%ld minor=%ld\n",

(long) major(sb->st_dev), (long) minor(sb->st_dev));

}

printf("I-node number: %ld\n", (long) sb->st_ino);

printf("Mode: %lo (%s)\n",

(unsigned long) sb->st_mode, filePermStr(sb->st_mode, 0));

if (sb->st_mode & (S_ISUID | S_ISGID | S_ISVTX))

printf(" special bits set: %s%s%s\n",

(sb->st_mode & S_ISUID) ? "set-UID " : "",

(sb->st_mode & S_ISGID) ? "set-GID " : "",

(sb->st_mode & S_ISVTX) ? "sticky " : "");

printf("Number of (hard) links: %ld\n", (long) sb->st_nlink);

printf("Ownership: UID=%ld GID=%ld\n",

(long) sb->st_uid, (long) sb->st_gid);

if (S_ISCHR(sb->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb->st_mode))

printf("Device number (st_rdev): major=%ld; minor=%ld\n",

(long) major(sb->st_rdev), (long) minor(sb->st_rdev));

printf("File size: %lld bytes\n", (long long) sb->st_size);

printf("Optimal I/O block size: %ld bytes\n", (long) sb->st_blksize);

printf("512B blocks allocated: %lld\n", (long long) sb->st_blocks);

printf("Last file access: %s", ctime(&sb->st_atime));

printf("Last file modification: %s", ctime(&sb->st_mtime));

printf("Last status change: %s", ctime(&sb->st_ctime));

}

char * filePermStr(mode_t perm, int flags){

static char str[STR_SIZE];

snprintf(str, STR_SIZE, "%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c",

(perm & S_IRUSR) ? 'r' : '-', (perm & S_IWUSR) ? 'w' : '-',

(perm & S_IXUSR) ?

(((perm & S_ISUID) && (flags & FP_SPECIAL)) ? 's' : 'x') :

(((perm & S_ISUID) && (flags & FP_SPECIAL)) ? 'S' : '-'),

(perm & S_IRGRP) ? 'r' : '-', (perm & S_IWGRP) ? 'w' : '-',

(perm & S_IXGRP) ?

(((perm & S_ISGID) && (flags & FP_SPECIAL)) ? 's' : 'x') :

(((perm & S_ISGID) && (flags & FP_SPECIAL)) ? 'S' : '-'),

(perm & S_IROTH) ? 'r' : '-', (perm & S_IWOTH) ? 'w' : '-',

(perm & S_IXOTH) ?

(((perm & S_ISVTX) && (flags & FP_SPECIAL)) ? 't' : 'x') :

(((perm & S_ISVTX) && (flags & FP_SPECIAL)) ? 'T' : '-'));

return str;

}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){

struct stat sb;

Boolean statLink;

int fname; //文件名索引位置

// -l 参数加上则返回 1

statLink = (argc > 1) && strcmp(argv[1], "-l") == 0;

fname = statLink ? 2 : 1;

if (fname >= argc || (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0)){

printf("%s [-l] file\n"

" -l = use lstat() instead of stat()\n", argv[0]);

exit(1);

}

if (statLink) {

if (lstat(argv[fname], &sb) == -1)

exit(-1);

} else {

if (stat(argv[fname], &sb) == -1)

exit(-1);

}

displayStatInfo(&sb);

exit(0);

}[root@izj6cfw9yi1iqoik31tqbgz c]# ll -i tmp_fifo

142117 prw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 6 22:10 tmp_fifo

[root@izj6cfw9yi1iqoik31tqbgz c]# ll -i main.c

142110 -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 4318 Jun 6 22:18 main.c

[root@izj6cfw9yi1iqoik31tqbgz c]# ll -i /dev/vda1

8186 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 1 Mar 4 07:36 /dev/vda1[root@izj6cfw9yi1iqoik31tqbgz c]# ./a.out tmp_fifo

File type: FIFO or pipe

主次设备号: major=253 minor=1

I-node number: 142117

Mode: 10644 (rw-r--r--)

Number of (hard) links: 1

Ownership: UID=0 GID=0

File size: 0 bytes

Optimal I/O block size: 4096 bytes

512B blocks allocated: 0

Last file access: Wed Jun 6 22:10:57 2018

Last file modification: Wed Jun 6 22:10:57 2018

Last status change: Wed Jun 6 22:10:57 2018

[root@izj6cfw9yi1iqoik31tqbgz c]# ./a.out main.c

File type: regular file

主次设备号: major=253 minor=1

I-node number: 142110

Mode: 100664 (rw-rw-r--)

Number of (hard) links: 1

Ownership: UID=0 GID=0

File size: 4318 bytes

Optimal I/O block size: 4096 bytes

512B blocks allocated: 16

Last file access: Wed Jun 6 22:17:27 2018

Last file modification: Wed Jun 6 22:18:14 2018

Last status change: Wed Jun 6 22:18:14 2018

[root@izj6cfw9yi1iqoik31tqbgz c]# ./a.out /dev/vda1

File type: block device

设备文件主次设备号: major=253 minor=1

I-node number: 8186

Mode: 60660 (rw-rw----)

Number of (hard) links: 1

Ownership: UID=0 GID=6

Device number (st_rdev): major=253; minor=1

File size: 0 bytes

Optimal I/O block size: 4096 bytes

512B blocks allocated: 0

Last file access: Tue May 22 17:58:24 2018

Last file modification: Sun Mar 4 07:36:08 2018

Last status change: Sun Mar 4 07:36:08 2018