linux 新分区使用1%,linux磁盘空间不足 和 挂载新硬盘(含磁盘格式化、分区)方法...

早上同事报告说一台很旧的RedHat机器硬盘空间不足，去df -m查看下

[root@192.168.14.117:/root]#df -m

Filesystem           1M-blocks      Used        Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3                17599       15619      1072          94%   /

/dev/sda1                  251         16             223           7%     /boot

tmpfs                      760            0               760           0%     /dev/shm

/dev/sdb3                30236       23542      5159          83%   /data

原来是因为本来空间就不大，只有50多个G，du一路查下去，发现是cgi的日志文件和so的core文件占用了很大的空间，但是想想也没啥可清理的了。(注：检查磁盘空间占用，可以用du -ah --max-depth=1，打印当前目录下，各个文件大小和目录的磁盘空间占用情况，也可以在后面指定显示某个目录的子目录和文件空间占用信息)

因为还有一块20G的老硬盘闲置在那里，所以就干脆把它挂上去。

1、拆机，硬盘挂上

2、重启机器，fdisk -l 查看

[root@192.168.14.117:/dev]#fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System

/dev/sda1   *           1          33      265041   83 Linux

/dev/sda2              34         294     2096482+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda3             295        2610    18603270   83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System

/dev/sdb3               1        3916    31455238+ 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

很好,刚挂上去的第三块盘认到了，sdc，21.4G,不过盘上还没有任何分区。

3、创建分区。执行fdisk /dev/sdc

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,

until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous

content won't be recoverable.

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2610.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help):

提示我输入命令，可怜的记不住命令，只能打一个m，for help了 ^-^

Command (m for help): mCommand action

a   toggle a bootable flag

b   edit bsd disklabel

c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

d   delete a partition

l   list known partition types

m   print this menu

n   add a new partition

o   create a new empty DOS partition table

p   print the partition table

q   quit without saving changes

s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

t   change a partition's system id

u   change display/entry units

v   verify the partition table

w   write table to disk and exit

x   extra functionality (experts only)

大概看了一个m出来的命令，毫不犹豫选择了 n ,添加一个新分区

Command (m for help): nCommand action

e   extended

p   primary partition (1-4)

e

Partition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2610, default 2610):

Using default value 2610

Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

最后一个w是把分区信息写入磁盘并退出fdisk。

然后执行fdisk -l

[root@192.168.14.117:/dev]#fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System

/dev/sda1   *           1          33      265041   83 Linux

/dev/sda2              34         294     2096482+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda3             295        2610    18603270   83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System

/dev/sdb3               1        3916    31455238+ 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System/dev/sdc1               1        2610    20964793+   5 Extended

马上得意忘形了一下，然后想都没想直接执行

mount /dev/sdc1 /datalog

就被泼了冷水

[root@192.168.14.117:/dev]#mount /dev/sdc1 /datalogmount: you must specify the filesystem type[root@192.168.14.117:/dev]#mount -t ext3 /dev/sdc1 /datalogmount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc1,

missing codepage or other error

(aren't you trying to mount an extended partition,

instead of some logical partition inside?)

In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try

dmesg | tail or so

看到错误提示，才意识到创建了逻辑盘还没有创建逻辑分区呢，也没有创建文件系统，然后赶紧再执行一下：fdisk /dev/sdc

Command (m for help): nCommand action

l   logical (5 or over)

p   primary partition (1-4)lFirst cylinder (1-2610, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2610, default 2610):

Using default value 2610

Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

再查看一下

[root@192.168.14.117:/root]#fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System

/dev/sda1   *           1          33      265041   83 Linux

/dev/sda2              34         294     2096482+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda3             295        2610    18603270   83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System

/dev/sdb3               1        3916    31455238+ 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System/dev/sdc1               1        2610    20964793+   5 Extended

/dev/sdc5               1        2610    20964762   83 Linux

Good，一切正常

4、创建文件系统

执行mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc5mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

2621440 inodes, 5241190 blocks

262059 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=0

160 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16384 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

正常

5、挂载到根目录下的datalog目录

mount /dev/sdc5 /datalog

再执行df

Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3             18020368 15983692   1106516 94% /

/dev/sda1               256666     15923    227491   7% /boot

tmpfs                   777688         0    777688   0% /dev/shm

/dev/sdb3             30961664 24018284   5370620 82% /data/dev/sdc5             20635668    176200 19411232   1% /datalog

看到分区已经正常挂载可以使用了，完美解决。有遇到类似磁盘分区、挂载、创建文件系统失败的，可以略作参考。