Linux怎么周期性备份,linux下的pg_dump周期性备份

OS:  CentOS

DB:  PostgreSQL9.3 ,  OS user: postgres

一、编写pg_dump备份脚本:

# get the day of week 1-7 starting mon=1

DOW=`date +"%u"`

# define variables

DB_INSTALL_DIR='/opt/PostgreSQL/9.3'

# DB_TYPE='PostgreSQL'

# DB_SERVER='127.0.0.1'

# DB_PORT='5432'

DB_INSTANCE='mydb'

DB_USER='postgres'

DB_PASSWORD='postgres'

DB_STORAGE='/home/postgres/backup'

# specify the postgres password in the PGPASSWORD var

# for pg_dump not to prompt for a password

export PGPASSWORD=$DB_PASSWORD

# change to the bin dir

cd $DB_INSTALL_DIR/bin

# run pg_dump

./pg_dump -f $DB_STORAGE/${DOW}-mydb.sql -U $DB_USER -F p -a $DB_INSTANCE

将以上脚本保存到/home/postgres/backup/backup.sh。

二、设置脚本执行计划(定时或周期性)： 每个用户都有各自不同的计划任务列表，用各自的帐户su username登录后，

执行crontab -l命令可查看到各任务的计划任务情况，

执行crontab -e进入vi模式，可以修改自己的计划任务，

每次添加完任务后，一定要service crond restart重新启动crond服务，否则任务不会生效；如果当前用户没有权限重启任务，可以切换到root用户再进行重启服务。

之后系统会按照设置定时或者周期地执行执行脚本。

su postgres

crontab -l

crontab -e 进入vi模式，添加相应的脚本执行计划，如：

*/2 * * * * root run-parts /home/postgres/backup/backup.sh 表示每隔2分钟执行一次backup.sh ，即每隔2分钟备份一次；

或者  0 2 * * * root run-parts /home/postgres/backup/backup.sh 表示每天的2点执行一次backup.sh ，即每天2点备份一次。

su root

service crond restart

附注：

1.设置shell脚本定期执行

通过crontab -e 添加的内容，实际上是在/var/spool/cron目录下，生成了一个名为操作系统用户名(此处为postgres)的文件，其内容就是crontab -e添加的内容(此处为*/2 * * * * root run-parts /home/postgres/backup/backup.sh)。

2.crontabusage:crontab [-u user] file

crontab [-u user] [ -e | -l | -r ]

(default operation is replace, per 1003.2)

-e      (edit user's crontab)

-l      (list user's crontab)

-r      (delete user's crontab)

-i      (prompt before deleting user's crontab)

-s      (selinux context)

3.pg_dumpUsage:

pg_dump [OPTION]... [DBNAME]

General options:

-f, --file=FILENAME          output file or directory name

-F, --format=c|d|t|p         output file format (custom, directory, tar,

plain text (default))

-j, --jobs=NUM               use this many parallel jobs to dump

-v, --verbose                verbose mode

-V, --version                output version information, then exit

-Z, --compress=0-9           compression level for compressed formats

--lock-wait-timeout=TIMEOUT  fail after waiting TIMEOUT for a table lock

-?, --help                   show this help, then exit

Options controlling the output content:

-a, --data-only              dump only the data, not the schema

-b, --blobs                  include large objects in dump

-c, --clean                  clean (drop) database objects before recreating

-C, --create                 include commands to create database in dump

-E, --encoding=ENCODING      dump the data in encoding ENCODING

-n, --schema=SCHEMA          dump the named schema(s) only

-N, --exclude-schema=SCHEMA  do NOT dump the named schema(s)

-o, --oids                   include OIDs in dump

-O, --no-owner               skip restoration of object ownership in

plain-text format

-s, --schema-only            dump only the schema, no data

-S, --superuser=NAME         superuser user name to use in plain-text format

-t, --table=TABLE            dump the named table(s) only

-T, --exclude-table=TABLE    do NOT dump the named table(s)

-x, --no-privileges          do not dump privileges (grant/revoke)

--binary-upgrade             for use by upgrade utilities only

--column-inserts             dump data as INSERT commands with column names

--disable-dollar-quoting     disable dollar quoting, use SQL standard quoting

--disable-triggers           disable triggers during data-only restore

--exclude-table-data=TABLE   do NOT dump data for the named table(s)

--inserts                    dump data as INSERT commands, rather than COPY

--no-security-labels         do not dump security label assignments

--no-synchronized-snapshots  do not use synchronized snapshots in parallel jobs

--no-tablespaces             do not dump tablespace assignments

--no-unlogged-table-data     do not dump unlogged table data

--quote-all-identifiers      quote all identifiers, even if not key words

--section=SECTION            dump named section (pre-data, data, or post-data)

--serializable-deferrable    wait until the dump can run without anomalies

--use-set-session-authorization

use SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands instead of

ALTER OWNER commands to set ownership

Connection options:

-d, --dbname=DBNAME      database to dump

-h, --host=HOSTNAME      database server host or socket directory

-p, --port=PORT          database server port number

-U, --username=NAME      connect as specified database user

-w, --no-password        never prompt for password

-W, --password           force password prompt (should happen automatically)

--role=ROLENAME          do SET ROLE before dump

If no database name is supplied, then the PGDATABASE environment

variable value is used.