oracle备份二进制文件,备份之控制文件备份

控制文件的备份和恢复在数据库的备份恢复过程中十分关键。

备份控制文件的原则是：在数据库物理结构发生变化后备份控制文件。

备份控制文件包括三种方法：

通过操作系统命令在数据库关闭时对控制文件进行COPY；

利用ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO命令将控制文件备份到二进制文件；

利用ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE命令将重建控制文件备份的脚本备份到后台trace文件中。

Oracle推荐使用第二种方式来备份控制文件。第一种方式备份的控制文件，一般用于全库一致性恢复。而第三种方式备份控制文件会丢失归档日志历史等许多信息。在重建控制文件时，只读表空间和脱机的数据文件的处理相对比较复杂。

第二种方式备份也是最简单的方法，只需要执行下面的步骤：

SQL> ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO 'F:ORACLEBACKUPTEST20060202CONTROL.BAK';

数据库已更改。

采用第三种方式备份控制文件：

SQL> SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, STATUS FROM DBA_TABLESPACES;

TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS

------------------------------ ---------

SYSTEM ONLINE

UNDOTBS1 ONLINE

TEMP ONLINE

INDX READ ONLY

TOOLS ONLINE

USERS ONLINE

YANGTK ONLINE

已选择7行。

SQL> SELECT NAME, STATUS FROM V$DATAFILE;

NAME STATUS

-------------------------------------------------- -------

F:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF SYSTEM

F:ORACLEORADATATESTUNDOTBS01.DBF ONLINE

F:ORACLEORADATATESTINDX01.DBF ONLINE

F:ORACLEORADATATESTTOOLS01.DBF ONLINE

F:ORACLEORADATATESTUSERS01.DBF RECOVER

F:ORACLEORADATATESTYANGTK01.DBF ONLINE

已选择6行。

SQL> ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE;

数据库已更改。

SQL> SELECT SPID FROM V$PROCESS

2 WHERE ADDR =

3 (

4 SELECT PADDR FROM V$SESSION

5 WHERE SID = (SELECT SID FROM V$MYSTAT WHERE ROWNUM = 1)

6 )

7 ;

SPID

------------

3308

打开f:oracleadmintestudumptest_ora_3308.trc文件：

STARTUP NOMOUNT

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "TEST" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

-- SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

MAXLOGFILES 50

MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 1

MAXLOGHISTORY 226

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 'F:ORACLEORADATATESTREDO01.LOG' SIZE 100M,

GROUP 2 'F:ORACLEORADATATESTREDO02.LOG' SIZE 100M,

GROUP 3 'F:ORACLEORADATATESTREDO03.LOG' SIZE 100M

-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE

'F:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF',

'F:ORACLEORADATATESTUNDOTBS01.DBF',

'F:ORACLEORADATATESTTOOLS01.DBF',

'F:ORACLEORADATATESTUSERS01.DBF',

'F:ORACLEORADATATESTYANGTK01.DBF'

CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

;

# Take files offline to match current control file.

ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'F:ORACLEORADATATESTUSERS01.DBF' OFFLINE;

# Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,

# or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.

RECOVER DATABASE

# All logs need archiving and a log switch is needed.

ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;

# Database can now be opened normally.

ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

# Files in read-only tablespaces are now named.

ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE 'MISSING00003'

TO 'F:ORACLEORADATATESTINDX01.DBF';

# Online the files in read-only tablespaces.

ALTER TABLESPACE "INDX" ONLINE;

# Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.

# Online tempfiles have complete space information.

# Other tempfiles may require adjustment.

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE 'F:ORACLEORADATATESTTEMP01.DBF'

SIZE 41943040 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;