Oracle企业备份,企业Oracle数据库备份实施手记

作为企业应用的核心数据库，备份必不可少；如果单位预算多的，可以考虑直接上专业的备份软件(NetBackup、CommVault等均可)，预算不多的话，也可以像我一样，通过Oracle数据库自带的RMAN工具，来实现自动备份；

以下为我司ERP系统的配置过程，以及备份策略，以此记录以备参考；

关于备份策略，因为企业ERP的备份数据量并不大，所以只定义两级策略，策略如下：

星期日

星期一

星期二

星期三

星期四

星期五

星期六

备份级别

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

另外，根据业务人员的要求，数据库备份保留策略为14天，如下所示：

RMAN> show all;

​

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name OADB are:

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 14 DAYS;

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default

CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default

CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_oadb.f'; # default

​

RMAN>

# 注：控制文件的备份，在备份脚本内定义；

备份的自动周期性执行，则是通过Linux系统自动的Crontab服务来实现：

# 确保crond服务运行，且开机自动启动：

# systemctl start crond && systemctl enable crond

# systemctl status crond

● crond.service - Command Scheduler

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)

Active: active (running) since Wed 2020-01-22 12:15:28 CST; 1 years 0 months ago

Main PID: 1679 (crond)

CGroup: /system.slice/crond.service

└─1679 /usr/sbin/crond -n

​

Jan 22 12:15:28 ly-eims-web-01 systemd[1]: Started Command Scheduler.

Jan 22 12:15:28 ly-eims-web-01 crond[1679]: (CRON) INFO (RANDOM_DELAY will be scaled with factor 5% if used.)

Jan 22 12:15:28 ly-eims-web-01 crond[1679]: (CRON) INFO (running with inotify support)

​

# 以下定义全量备份为周日执行，增量备份为周一到周六执行：

# 注：crontab的定义，在oracle用户环境内配置；

$ crontab -l

0 3 * * 0 /dbbackup/ltdb/scripts/cron_full_oadb.sh

0 3 * * 1-6 /dbbackup/ltdb/scripts/cron_incr_oadb.sh

​

# 此处嵌套了一层，将备份脚本的所有输出，重定向到磁盘日志文件，以备后查：

$ more /dbbackup/ltdb/scripts/cron_full_oadb.sh

/dbbackup/ltdb/scripts/full_oadb.sh >> /dbbackup/ltdb/backuplog/full_oadb/full_oadb_`date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S`.log

​

$ more /dbbackup/ltdb/scripts/cron_incr_oadb.sh

/dbbackup/ltdb/scripts/incr_oadb.sh >> /dbbackup/ltdb/backuplog/incr_oadb/incr_oadb_`date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S`.log

以下是全量备份脚本(full_oadb.sh)内容

$ more /dbbackup/ltdb/scripts/full_oadb.sh

echo -e '******Start********_'$(date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S')

export ORACLE_SID=oadb

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app

export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

rman target sys/oracle@oadb<

run{

allocate channel c1 type disk;

backup as compressed backupset incremental level 0 tag 'oadb_incr_L0' format

'/dbbackup/ltdb/oadb/full_%d_%T_%s' database include current controlfile;

backup as compressed backupset archivelog all format '/dbbackup/ltdb/oadb/arclog_0_%s_%p_%t_%d' delete input;

crosscheck backup;

delete noprompt expired backup;

delete noprompt obsolete;

crosscheck archivelog all;

delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

release channel c1;

}

exit;

EOF

说明：

1. 数据库的备份目录(/dbbackup/ltdb/oadb/)需要事先创建好；

2. 本次实施，备份目录/dbbackup，使用的是华为云上的 sfs 弹性文件服务挂载的目录，执行备份前，需要先挂载好 sfs文件系统，并配置好oracle用户权限；

增量备份脚本(incr_oadb.sh)内容

$ more /dbbackup/ltdb/scripts/incr_oadb.sh

echo -e '******Start********_'$(date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S')

export ORACLE_SID=oadb

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app

export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

rman target sys/oracle@oadb <

run{

allocate channel c1 type disk;

backup as compressed backupset incremental level 1 tag 'oadb_incr_L1' format

'/dbbackup/ltdb/oadb/incr_%d_%T_%s' database include current controlfile;

backup as compressed backupset archivelog all format '/dbbackup/ltdb/oadb/arclog_1_%s_%p_%t_%d' delete input;

crosscheck backup;

delete noprompt expired backup;

delete noprompt obsolete;

crosscheck archivelog all;

delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

release channel c1;

}

exit;

EOF

如上，rman的备份操作配置完成！