signature=48b64757d1aea99fd3ed14dfa3f3cb5b,Mineral-Chemical Constraints on the Miocene Calc-alkaline...

摘要：

Early to Middle Miocene (22 to 15 Ma) volcanic activity across western Turkey produced a series of lavas and pyroclastic deposits with calc-alkaline and shoshonitic affinities. The erupted magmas show a broad range of compositions from basaltic to rhyolitic (48-75 SiO2 wt%) and are composed of variable phenocryst assemblages. Petrographic and mineral-chemical characteristics suggest that the magmas underwent hydrous crystallization in deep crustal magma chambers that was dominated by plagioclase + pyroxene + pargasitic amphibole fractionation. Subsequent crystallization in shallower magma chambers followed two different trends: (1) anhydrous (pyroxene + plagioclase-dominated); and (2) hydrous (plagioclase + edenitic amphibole + pyroxene-dominated). Application of magnetite-ilmenite, hornblende-plagioclase and two-pyroxene geothermometry to the western Anatolian volcanic rocks has yielded temperature estimates in the range of 585-1086 C for the Early Miocene and 768-1095 C for the Middle Miocene rocks. Pressure estimates from pyroxene and Al-in-hornblende geobarometers are in the range of 2.1-8.6 kbar for the Early Miocene and 6.5-9.1 kbar for the Middle Miocene rocks. The presence of amphibole with clear signs of disequilibrium, and plagioclase as inclusions in pyroxenes and other phenocryst cores, suggest that magma mixing was operational during the formation of the volcanic suites. Strong compositional variations and reverse zoning patterns in single phenocrysts, as well as considerably variable pressures of crystallization, further indicate that the magmas forming the volcanic suite had a polybaric origin and are the composite products of more than one petrogenetic stage. The observed range of phenocryst assemblages and different compositional trends are likely to have originated from fractionation of magmas with different initial water contents, under variable pressures of crystallization. The repeated occurrence of magmas from different suites during a single period of activity suggests that the magmatic system comprised several conduit systems and magma reservoirs dispersed at different levels of crustal magma chambers. The results suggest that the episodic intrusion of mafic magmas provided the necessary heat and perhaps contributed to the ascent of the magma to shallow crustal depths where it reequilibrated before the onset of eruption. Bat Türkiye Miyosen Kalk-alkalin ve fioflonitik Volkanik Kayalarnn Mineral Kimyasal zellikleri: Magma Oluflumu ve Karflm Koflullarnn Dengesiz Fenokristal Topluluklaryla Belirlenmesi zet: Bat Türkiye Erken ve Orta Miyosen dnemi (22-15 My) volkanik aktivitesi kalk-alkalin ve floflonitik zelliklere sahip lav ve piroklastik ürünler oluflturmufltur. Oluflan magmalar bazalttan riyolite kadar deiflen (48-75 SiO2 wt%) genifl bir bileflim aral¤ sunar ve deiflken fenokristal topluluklarndan meydana gelir. Petrografik ve mineral kimyasal zellikleri, magmalarn derin magma odas koflullarnda plajioklas + piroksen + pargasitik amfibol ayrmlaflma baskn olduu sulu fazl bir kristalleflme geirmifl olduklarna iflaret etmektedir. Bunu izleyen ve daha s¤ magma odalarnda gerekleflen kristalleflme iki farkl ynelim sunar: (1) susuz (piroksen + plajioklasn baskn olduu); ve (2) sulu (plajioklas + edenitik amfibol + piroksenin baskn olduu) ayrmlaflma. Bat Türkiye volkanik kayalarna uygulanan magnetit-ilmenit, hornblend-plajioklas ve ift piroksen jeotermometreleri Erken Miyosen kayalar iin tahmini 585-1086 C ve Orta Miyosen kayalar iin 768-1095 C arasnda deiflen kristalleflme scakl¤ ortaya koymaktadr. Piroksen ve hornblend-Al jeobarometreleri ise Erken Miyosen kayalar iin 2.1-8.6 kbar ve Orta Miyosen kayalar iin 6.5-9.1 kbar arasnda deiflen basn deerlerine iflaret etmektedir. Dengesiz kristalleflme zelliklerine sahip amfibol kristallerinin varl¤ ve plajioklas minerallerinin piroksenler ve dier fenokristallerin iinde bulunuflu, volkanik serilerin oluflumunda magma karflmnn etkin olduunu gstermektedir. Minerallerde gzlenen belirgin tane ii bileflim deiflimleri, ters zonlanmalar ve olduka deiflken kristalleflme

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