Java中scanner的三个逻辑,3.Stream的filter与谓语逻辑

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## 一、基础代码准备

建立一个实体类，该实体类有五个属性。下面的代码使用了lombok的注解Data、AllArgsConstructor，这样我们就不用写get、set方法和全参构造函数了。lombok会帮助我们在编译期生成这些模式化的代码。

~~~

@Data

@AllArgsConstructor

public class Employee {

private Integer id;

private Integer age; //年龄

private String gender; //性别

private String firstName;

private String lastName;

}

~~~

写一个测试类，这个测试类的内容也很简单，新建十个Employee 对象

~~~

public class StreamFilterPredicate {

public static void main(String[] args){

Employee e1 = new Employee(1,23,"M","Rick","Beethovan");

Employee e2 = new Employee(2,13,"F","Martina","Hengis");

Employee e3 = new Employee(3,43,"M","Ricky","Martin");

Employee e4 = new Employee(4,26,"M","Jon","Lowman");

Employee e5 = new Employee(5,19,"F","Cristine","Maria");

Employee e6 = new Employee(6,15,"M","David","Feezor");

Employee e7 = new Employee(7,68,"F","Melissa","Roy");

Employee e8 = new Employee(8,79,"M","Alex","Gussin");

Employee e9 = new Employee(9,15,"F","Neetu","Singh");

Employee e10 = new Employee(10,45,"M","Naveen","Jain");

List employees = Arrays.asList(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10);

List filtered = employees.stream()

.filter(e -> e.getAge() > 70 && e.getGender().equals("M"))

.collect(Collectors.toList());

System.out.println(filtered);

}

}

~~~

需要注意的是上面的filter传入了lambda表达式(之前的章节我们已经讲过了)，表达过滤年龄大于70并且男性的Employee员工。输出如下：

~~~

[Employee(id=8, age=79, gender=M, firstName=Alex, lastName=Gussin)]

~~~

## 二、什么是谓词逻辑？

下面要说我们的重点了，通过之前的章节的讲解，我们已经知道lambda表达式表达的是一个匿名接口函数的实现。那具体到Stream.filter()中，它表达的是什么呢？看下图：可以看出它表达的是一个Predicate接口，在英语中这个单词的意思是：谓词。


### **什么是谓词？(百度百科)**


### 什么是谓词逻辑？

WHERE 和 AND 限定了主语employee是什么，那么WHERE和AND语句所代表的逻辑就是谓词逻辑

~~~

SELECT *

FROM employee

WHERE age > 70

AND gender = 'M'

~~~

## 三、谓词逻辑的复用

通常情况下，filter函数中lambda表达式为一次性使用的谓词逻辑。如果我们的谓词逻辑需要被多处、多场景、多代码中使用，通常将它抽取出来单独定义到它所限定的主语实体中。

比如：将下面的谓词逻辑定义在Employee实体class中。

~~~

public static Predicate ageGreaterThan70 = x -> x.getAge() >70;

public static Predicate genderM = x -> x.getGender().equals("M");

~~~

### 3.1.and语法(交集)

~~~

List filtered = employees.stream()

.filter(Employee.ageGreaterThan70.and(Employee.genderM))

.collect(Collectors.toList());

~~~

输出如下：

~~~

[Employee(id=8, age=79, gender=M, firstName=Alex, lastName=Gussin)]

~~~

### 3.2.or语法(并集)

~~~

List filtered = employees.stream()

.filter(Employee.ageGreaterThan70.or(Employee.genderM))

.collect(Collectors.toList());

~~~

输出如下：实际上就是年龄大于70的和所有的男性(由于79的那位也是男性，所以就是所有的男性)

~~~

[Employee(id=1, age=23, gender=M, firstName=Rick, lastName=Beethovan), Employee(id=3, age=43, gender=M, firstName=Ricky, lastName=Martin), Employee(id=4, age=26, gender=M, firstName=Jon, lastName=Lowman), Employee(id=6, age=15, gender=M, firstName=David, lastName=Feezor), Employee(id=8, age=79, gender=M, firstName=Alex, lastName=Gussin), Employee(id=10, age=45, gender=M, firstName=Naveen, lastName=Jain)]

~~~

### 3.3.negate语法(取反)

~~~

List filtered = employees.stream()

.filter(Employee.ageGreaterThan70.or(Employee.genderM).negate())

.collect(Collectors.toList());

~~~

输出如下：把上一小节代码的结果取反，实际上就是所有的女性

~~~

[Employee(id=2, age=13, gender=F, firstName=Martina, lastName=Hengis), Employee(id=5, age=19, gender=F, firstName=Cristine, lastName=Maria), Employee(id=7, age=68, gender=F, firstName=Melissa, lastName=Roy), Employee(id=9, age=15, gender=F, firstName=Neetu, lastName=Singh)]

~~~