linux服务器CPU64c是指的,Linux C 获取硬件信息的一些方法

Linux get hardware information over C

ioctl(input output controller)函数获取磁盘信息

出现同一份代码RedHat上可以拿到 /dev/sda serial number, 在Ubuntu上出错

获取主板信息

出现有些主板找不到serial number，暂时有两种方法：

dmidecode工具，github.com上有repo fork

从 /sys/class/dmi/id/ 中直接读取

get mac info

获得Unix/Linux系统中的IP、MAC地址等信息_

ioctl函数没有纳入POXIS规范，各系统对ioctl的实现也不尽相同

ioctl函数的参数只有3个，但却是Unix中少有的几个“家族类”复杂函数.在传统上ioctl函数是用于那些普遍使用、但不适合归入其他类别的任何特殊的系统接口……网络程序(一般是服务器程序)中ioctl常用于在程序启动时获得主机上所有接口的信息：接口的地址、接口是否支持广播、是否支持多播，等等。

get cpu info

方法一：C语言内部实现，使用 libcpuid库_

.. code-block:: c

struct cpu_raw_data_t raw;

struct cpu_id_t data;

if (cpuid_get_raw_data(&raw) < 0) {

printf("Sorry, cannot get the CPUID raw data.\n");

printf("Error: %s\n", cpuid_error());

return -2;

}

if (cpu_identify(&raw, &data) < 0) {

printf("Sorrry, CPU identification failed.\n");

printf("Error: %s\n", cpuid_error());

return -3;

}

printf("Found: %s CPU\n", data.vendor_str);

printf("Processor model is `%s'\n", data.cpu_codename);

printf("The full brand string is `%s'\n", data.brand_str);

printf("The processor has %dK L1 cache and %dK L2 cache\n", data.l1_data_cache, data.l2_cache);

方法二：从 /proc/cpuinfo 中直接读取， /proc/cpuinfo 的 信息的格式说明在kernel中的代码_

.. code-block:: c

#define _GNU_SOURCE

#include

#include

int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

FILE *cmdline = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "rb");

char *arg = 0;

size_t size = 0;

while(getdelim(&arg, &size, 0, cmdline) != -1)

{

puts(arg);

}

free(arg);

fclose(cmdline);

return 0;

}

判断是否虚拟机

使用RedHat virt-what工具/库，此工具可以判断很多VM

.. code-block:: c

#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)

static unsigned int

cpuid (unsigned int eax, char *sig)

{

unsigned int *sig32 = (unsigned int *) sig;

asm volatile (

"xchgl %%ebx,%1; xor %%ebx,%%ebx; cpuid; xchgl %%ebx,%1"

: "=a" (eax), "+r" (sig32[0]), "=c" (sig32[1]), "=d" (sig32[2])

: "0" (eax));

sig[12] = 0;

return eax;

}

static void

cpu_sig (char* sig)

{

unsigned int base = 0x40000000, leaf = base;

unsigned int max_entries;

memset (sig, 0, sizeof sig);

max_entries = cpuid (leaf, sig);

puts (sig);

// return for determine

if(strlen(siq) > 0){

return;

}

/* Most hypervisors only have information in leaf 0x40000000, but

* upstream Xen contains further leaf entries (in particular when

* used with Viridian [HyperV] extensions). CPUID is supposed to

* return the maximum leaf offset in %eax, so that's what we use,

* but only if it looks sensible.

*/

if (max_entries > 3 && max_entries < 0x10000) {

for (leaf = base + 0x100; leaf <= base + max_entries; leaf += 0x100) {

memset (sig, 0, sizeof sig);

cpuid (leaf, sig);

puts (sig);

// if not empty, is ok

if(strlen(sig) > 0){

return;

}

}

}

}

#else /* !i386, !x86_64 */

static void

cpu_sig (void)

{

/* nothing for other architectures */

}

#endif

系统所在磁盘信息

先从 /etc/mtab 获取 /boot 所在硬盘，然后用 ioctl 获取，未确定此方式的稳定性

.. code-block:: c

FILE *fp;

char disk_name[10];

char str_find[] = "/boot";

char buf_line[128];

static struct hd_driveid hd;

int fd;

int tmp_len = 0;

fp = fopen ("/etc/mtab", "rb");

if (fp == NULL)

{

fprintf(stderr, "No /etc/mtab file.\n");

return 0;

}

while(fgets(buf_line, sizeof(buf_line), fp)) {

if(strstr(buf_line, str_find) != NULL){

printf("debug: %s\n", buf_line);

break;

}

}

// TODO "/boot" extract

if(sscanf(buf_line, "%s /boot", disk_name) == -1)

{

printf("Error: can not get disk name\n");

}

// delete number, e.g. /dev/sda1

tmp_len = strlen(disk_name);

disk_name[tmp_len -1 ] = '\0';

if (geteuid() > 0) {

printf("ERROR: Must be root to use\n");

exit(1);

}

// TODO

if ((fd = open(disk_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK)) < 0) {

printf("ERROR: Cannot open device %s\n", disk_name);

exit(1);

}

if (!ioctl(fd, HDIO_GET_IDENTITY, &hd)) {

const int nSNLength = 20;

strSN = "";

for(int i=0; i < nSNLength; i++){

if(hd.serial_no[i] < 32 || hd.serial_no[i] == 127)

{

strSN += '.';

}

else{

strSN += (char)hd.serial_no[i];

}

}

printf("debug: Disk Serial Number: %.20s\n", strSN.GetData());

return 1;

} else if (errno == -ENOMSG) {

printf("No hard disk identification information available\n");

return 0;

} else {

perror("ERROR: HDIO_GET_IDENTITY");

exit(1);

}

PS: 虽rst与markdown格式相近，但OSC对rst不支持，很多地方没渲染啊。