MATLAB的direct_form,Direct Form II

Direct Form II

In general, a direct form realization refers to a structure where the coefficients of the

transfer function appear directly as Gain blocks. The direct form II realization method

is presented as using the minimal number of delay elements, which is equal to

n, the order of the transfer function denominator.

The canonical direct form II is presented as “Standard Programming” in

Discrete-Time Control Systems by Ogata. It is known as the

“Control Canonical Form” in Digital Control of Dynamic

Systems by Franklin, Powell, and Workman.

You can derive the canonical direct form II realization by writing the discrete-time

transfer function with input e(z) and output u(z) as

u(z)e(z)=u(z)h(z)⋅h(z)e(z)=(b0+b1z−1+…+bmz−m)︸u(z)h(z)11+a1z−1+a2z−2…+anz−n︸h(z)e(z).

The block diagram for u(z)/h(z) follows.

The block diagrams for h(z)/e(z) follow.

Combining these two block diagrams yields the direct form II diagram shown in the

following figure. Notice that the feedforward part (top of block diagram) contains the

numerator coefficients and the feedback part (bottom of block diagram) contains the

denominator coefficients.

The direct form II example transfer function is given by

Hex(z)=1+2.2z−1+1.85z−2+0.5z−31−0.5z−1+0.84z−2+0.09z−3.

The realization of Hex(z) using fixed-point Simulink® blocks is shown in the following figure. You can display this model by

typing

fxpdemo_direct_form2

at the MATLAB® command line.