如何起oracle,LINUX+ORACLE10--如何启动数据库实例以及如何使oracle实例和系统一起启动...

如何启动和关闭数据库实例以及如何使oracle实例和系统一起启动

启动数据库实例，分为两步：第一步，启动监听；第二步，启动数据库实例。

一、如何启动数据库实例

1.进入到sqlplus启动实例

[oracle@redhat ~]$ su - oracle                                 --“切换到oracle用户”Password:

[oracle@redhat ~]$ lsnrctl start                               --“打开监听”

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:06:40

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /home/oracle/product/10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

System parameter file is /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                14-OCT-2009 19:06:40

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))

Services Summary...

Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

[oracle@redhat ~]$ sqlplus /nolog                                --“进入到sqlplus”

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Oct 14 19:06:45 2009

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn /as sysdba                                              --“连接到sysdba”Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup                                                     --“启动数据库实例”ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  285212672 bytes

Fixed Size      1218968 bytes

Variable Size     88082024 bytes

Database Buffers   188743680 bytes

Redo Buffers      7168000 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> shutdown immediate                                         --“关闭数据库实例”Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

[oracle@redhat ~]$ lsnrctl stop                                 --“关闭监听”

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:08:06

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))

The command completed successfully

2.用dbstart和dbshut启动和关闭数据库实例

先启动监听 lsnrctl start

启动实例  dbstart

使用dbstart命令启动数据库比较方便，但是在linux上安装好oracle之后，第一次使用dbstart命令可能会报如下错误：

Failed to auto-start Oracle Net Listene using /ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle/bin/tnslsnr

看起来貌似是监听没有起来，可是实际上，监听可以成功启动。

我们来看一下dbstart脚本，该脚本放在$ORACLE_HOME/bin下面。

搜索dbstart里面的tnslsnr：

grep tnslsnr dbstart

返回结果：

if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then

echo "Failed to auto-start Oracle Net Listene using $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr"

返回结果中发现有$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER变量，有可能是该变量的路径不对，我们继续搜索ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER

grep ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER dbstart

返回结果：

# 3) Set ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle

if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then

echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener"

LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log

if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then

$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl start >> $LOG 2>&1 &

export VER10LIST=`$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl version | grep "LSNRCTL for " | cut -d' ' -f5 | cut -d'.' -f1`

echo "Failed to auto-start Oracle Net Listene using $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr"

$LOGMSG "Restart Oracle Net Listener using an alternate ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER: lsnrctl start"

我们发现ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle

中，指定的路径不对，需要对这一行重新编辑，使其路径制定到$ORACLE_HOME

用vi编辑dbstart，将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle更改为

export ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

然后保存退出，此时再运行dbstart，已经不报错了，但是没有任何反应，ps一下进程，没有oracle的进程，说明oracle实例没有正常启动。

此时的原因是在/etc/oratab的设置问题，我们cat一下，发现

zgz:/home/oracle/product/10g:N

最后设置的是"N"(我的环境中只有一个实例，因此只有一行配置语句)，我们需要把“N”修改为“Y”。

以上的工作做好之后，dbstart就可以正常使用了：

[oracle@redhat bin]$ lsnrctl start                                  --“启动监听”

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:44:53

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /home/oracle/product/10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

System parameter file is /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                14-OCT-2009 19:44:53

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))

Services Summary...

Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

[oracle@redhat bin]$ dbstart                                   --“启动数据库实例”Processing Database instance "zgz": log file /home/oracle/product/10g/startup.log

[oracle@redhat bin]$ dbshut                  --“关闭数据库实例”[oracle@redhat bin]$ lsnrctl stop                              --“关闭监听”

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:45:33

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))

The command completed successfully

二、如何使数据库实例和linux系统一起启动

在/etc/rc.d/rc.local中加入如下语句即可实现同系统启动实例：

su - oracle -c "lsnrctl start"

su - oracle -c "dbstart"