1.Oracle 11g引入scan ip ,可在没有DNS的情况下，客户端连接RAC配置failover时，很多情况还是使用oracle10g方式。即在客户端tnsname.ora中配置failover：
1)当客户端配置如下时，连接的实例关闭后，会话必须重新连才可连接到其他活动的实例上，不会自动重连：

ora112 = 
 (DESCRIPTION =
 (ADDRESS_LIST =
 (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.87.113)(PORT = 1521))
 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.87.114)(PORT = 1521))
 )
 (CONNECT_DATA =
 (SERVICE_NAME = ora112)
 (FAILOVER = on)
 )
 )
 或
 ora112 = 
 (DESCRIPTION =
 (ADDRESS_LIST =
 (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.87.113)(PORT = 1521))
 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.87.114)(PORT = 1521))
 )
 (CONNECT_DATA =
 (SERVICE_NAME = ora112)
 (FAILOVER = on)
 (TYPE = select)
 (METHOD = basic)
 (RETRIES = 180)
 (DELAY = 5)
 )
 )
 或（115为scan-ip）
 ORA112 =
   (DESCRIPTION =
     (ADDRESS_LIST =
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.87.115)(PORT = 1521))
       (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
     )
     (CONNECT_DATA =
       (SERVER = DEDICATED)
       (SERVICE_NAME = ora112)
       (FAILOVER = on)
     )
   )
 或
 ORA112 =
   (DESCRIPTION =
     (ADDRESS_LIST =
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.87.115)(PORT = 1521))
       (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
     )
     (CONNECT_DATA =
       (SERVER = DEDICATED)
       (SERVICE_NAME = ora112)
       (FAILOVER = on)
       (failover_mode=(TYPE=SELECT)
       (METHOD=BASIC)
       (RETRIES=1)
       (DELAY=0)
     )
     )
   )
 或
 ORA112 =
   (DESCRIPTION =
     (ADDRESS_LIST =
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.87.115)(PORT = 1521))
       (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
     )
     (CONNECT_DATA =
       (SERVER = DEDICATED)
       (SERVICE_NAME = ora112)
     )
   )
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2）当客户端配置如下时，连接的实例关闭后，会话会自动连接到其他活动的实例上：

ora112 = 
 (DESCRIPTION =
 (ADDRESS_LIST =
 (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.87.113)(PORT = 1521))
 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.87.114)(PORT = 1521))
 )
 (CONNECT_DATA =
 (SERVICE_NAME = ora112)
 (FAILOVER = on)
 FAILOVER_MODE=(TYPE = select)
 (METHOD = basic)
 (RETRIES = 180)
 (DELAY = 5)
 )
 )
 )
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2.如果不采用oracle10g的方法，能不能只在客户端配置scan ip,而在服务器端配置以实现failover，具体如下：
（How To Configure Server Side Transparent Application Failover [ID 460982.1]）
1)创建TAFService
[oracle@db1 bin]$ ./srvctl add service -d ora112 -s ora112_rac -r "ora1121,ora1122" -P BASIC
--这里的ora112是database name，ora1121和ora1122 是instance name。
2)启动s_test服务
[oracle@db1 bin]$ ./srvctl start service -d ora112 -s s_test
3)检查service运行情况

[oracle@db1 bin]$ ./srvctl config service -d ora112
 Service name: s_test
 Service is enabled
 Server pool: ora112_s_test
 Cardinality: 2
 Disconnect: false
 Service role: PRIMARY
 Management policy: AUTOMATIC
 DTP transaction: false
 AQ HA notifications: false
 Failover type: NONE
 Failover method: NONE
 TAF failover retries: 0
 TAF failover delay: 0
 Connection Load Balancing Goal: LONG
 Runtime Load Balancing Goal: NONE
 TAF policy specification: BASIC
 Edition: 
 Preferred instances: ora1121,ora1122
 Available instances:
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4)确认serviceID

SQL> select name,service_id from dba_services where name = 's_test';
 NAME SERVICE_ID
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 s_test 3
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5)为service添加参数

SQL> execute dbms_service.modify_service (service_name => 's_test' - 
 , aq_ha_notifications => true - 
 , failover_method => dbms_service.failover_method_basic - 
 , failover_type => dbms_service.failover_type_select - 
 , failover_retries => 180 - 
 , failover_delay => 5 - 
 , clb_goal => dbms_service.clb_goal_long);
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6)确认参数添加情况

col name format a15 
 col failover_method format a11 heading 'METHOD' 
 col failover_type format a10 heading 'TYPE' 
 col failover_retries format 9999999 heading 'RETRIES' 
 col goal format a10 
 col clb_goal format a8 
 col AQ_HA_NOTIFICATIONS format a5 heading 'AQNOT' 
 SQL> select name, failover_method,failover_type, failover_retries,goal, clb_goal,aq_ha_notifications from dba_services where service_id = 3; 
 NAME METHOD TYPE RETRIES GOAL CLB_GOAL AQNOT
 --------------- ----------- ------------------ ---------- -------- -----
 s_test BASIC SELECT 180 NONE LONG YES
 SQL>
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7)检查service注册情况

[oracle@db1 bin]$ lsnrctl services
 LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 -Production on 15-JUL-2012 13:26:43
 Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
 Connecting to(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=db1)(PORT=1521)))
 Services Summary...
 Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
 Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for thisservice...
 Handler(s):
 "DEDICATED" established:57 refused:0 state:ready
 LOCAL SERVER
 Service "ora112" has 1 instance(s).
 Instance "ora1121", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for thisservice...
 Handler(s):
 "DEDICATED" established:11 refused:0 state:ready
 LOCAL SERVER
 Service "ora112XDB" has 1instance(s).
 Instance "ora1121", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for thisservice...
 Handler(s):
 "D000" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:1022 state:ready
 DISPATCHER
 (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=db1.tianlesoftware.com)(PORT=38731))
 Service "s_test" has 1instance(s).
 Instance "ora1121", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for thisservice...
 Handler(s):
 "DEDICATED" established:11 refused:0 state:ready
 LOCAL SERVER
 The command completed successfully
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8)配置tnsnames.ora，连接后，关闭连接实例后，会话会自动切换到其他活动实例上（115为scan ip）：

ORA112 =
   (DESCRIPTION =
     (ADDRESS_LIST =
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.87.115)(PORT = 1521))
       (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
     )
     (CONNECT_DATA =
       (SERVER = DEDICATED)
       (SERVICE_NAME = s_test)
     )
   )
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