測試環境為 CentOS7 x86_64
yum 主要的設定檔為 /etc/yum.conf ,如果要新增 repos 可以把檔案寫在 /etc/yum.repos.d/ 目錄下面.如果你的本地端網路環境有建 CentOS7 的 repos ,可以直接把設定寫在 /etc/yum.conf
[root@localhost ~]$ vi /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release
[CentOS7]
name = CentOS7
baseurl = http://172.16.0.3/centos7-amd64/
gpgkey = https://172.16.0.3/centos7-amd64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
gpgcheck=1
# yum update
更新套件名稱.
[root@localhost ~]$ yum update
# yum install
安裝套件名稱.
[root@localhost ~]$ yum install MariaDB-Galera-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: ftp.tc.edu.tw
* extras: ftp.tc.edu.tw
* updates: ftp.tc.edu.tw
No package MariaDB-Galera-server available.
Error: Nothing to do
不是所有的套件都可以在預設的 yum repos 裡面,像是 MariaDB 就需要新增加 MariaDB 的 YUM 網址.目前版本有分 5.5 以及 10.1 (MariaDB server 含 Galera 功能).我用的是 5.5 版本 (請先上 MariaDB 官方網站查詢版本與 baseurl, gpgkey),並新增 yum repos 設定.
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5.51/centos7-amd64/
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
[root@localhost ~]# yum update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
mariadb | 2.9 kB 00:00
mariadb/primary_db | 19 kB 00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw
* extras: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw
* updates: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw
Resolving Dependencies
...
[root@localhost ~]# yum install MariaDB-Galera-server
# yum grouplist , # yum groups install
如果安裝 CentOS7 是最小安裝時是沒有桌面系統的,之後要再額外安裝桌面系統會很麻煩.這時候可以透過 group install 的方式.
[root@localhost ~]$ yum grouplist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw
* extras: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw
* updates: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw
Available environment groups:
Minimal Install
Compute Node
Infrastructure Server
File and Print Server
Basic Web Server
Virtualization Host
Server with GUI
GNOME Desktop
KDE Plasma Workspaces
Development and Creative Workstation
Available Groups:
Compatibility Libraries
Console Internet Tools
Development Tools
Graphical Administration Tools
Legacy UNIX Compatibility
Scientific Support
Security Tools
Smart Card Support
System Administration Tools
System Management
[root@localhost ~]$ yum groups install "GNOME Desktop"
# yum remove
移除套件名稱.
[root@localhost ~]$ yum remove MariaDB-Galera-server
# yum search
搜尋套件名稱.
[root@localhost ~]$ yum search MariaDB-Galera-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw
* extras: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw
* updates: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw
====================== N/S matched: MariaDB-Galera-server ======================
MariaDB-Galera-server.x86_64 : MariaDB: a very fast and robust SQL database
: server
Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
可以加參數 all 搜尋更多
[root@localhost ~]$ yum search all MariaDB-Galera-server
但是很多的時候我們根本不知道套件名稱怎麼辦呢!!可以利用下面的 #yum whatprovides
# yum whatprovides “*command”
查詢未安裝的程式是由哪一個套件裡提供的.搜尋 /sbin/ifconfig 是哪一個套件提供的.
[root@localhost ~]$yum whatprovides "*ifconfig"
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
* extras: ftp.twaren.net
* updates: ftp.twaren.net
hypervkvpd-0-0.26.20150402git.el7.x86_64 : HyperV key value pair (KVP) daemon
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/libexec/hypervkvpd/hv_set_ifconfig
net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /sbin/ifconfig
python-ethtool-0.8-5.el7.x86_64 : Ethernet settings python bindings
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/sbin/pifconfig
zsh-5.0.2-14.el7.x86_64 : Powerful interactive shell
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/share/zsh/5.0.2/functions/_ifconfig
zsh-5.0.2-14.el7_2.2.x86_64 : Powerful interactive shell
Repo : updates
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/share/zsh/5.0.2/functions/_ifconfig
# yum clean
清除 /var/cache/yum 下載的暫存套件檔,使用 #yum clean all 可以一次就給他清乾淨.
[root@localhost ~]$ yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base extras mariadb nginx updates
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
# yum list updates
列出所有可供更新的套件.
[root@localhost ~]$ yum list updates
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base | 3.6 kB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
mariadb | 2.9 kB 00:00
nginx | 2.9 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
(1/6): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 155 kB 00:01
(2/6): nginx/x86_64/primary_db | 24 kB 00:01
(3/6): mariadb/primary_db | 19 kB 00:01
(4/6): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 168 kB 00:05
(5/6): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.6 MB 00:15
(6/6): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.4 MB 00:24
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: ftp.yzu.edu.tw
* extras: ftp.yzu.edu.tw
* updates: ftp.yzu.edu.tw
# yum list installed
列出所有已經安裝的套件.
[root@localhost ~]$ yum list installed
遇過的問題
更新時出現以下的錯誤訊息.
[root@localhost ~]# yum update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 3020.
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
The other application is: PackageKit
Memory : 59 M RSS (1.4 GB VSZ)
Started: Tue Dec 10 00:04:50 2019 - 00:08 ago
State : Running, pid: 3020
packagekit 這個 Tool 會自動幫忙更新,想要改成手動更新,可以直接把該服務停掉.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop packagekit
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