linux 同步套件,Linux 套件管理 – yum

測試環境為 CentOS7 x86_64

yum 主要的設定檔為 /etc/yum.conf ,如果要新增 repos 可以把檔案寫在 /etc/yum.repos.d/ 目錄下面.如果你的本地端網路環境有建 CentOS7 的 repos ,可以直接把設定寫在 /etc/yum.conf

[root@localhost ~]$ vi /etc/yum.conf

[main]

cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever

keepcache=0

debuglevel=2

logfile=/var/log/yum.log

exactarch=1

obsoletes=1

gpgcheck=1

plugins=1

installonly_limit=5

bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum

distroverpkg=centos-release

[CentOS7]

name = CentOS7

baseurl = http://172.16.0.3/centos7-amd64/

gpgkey = https://172.16.0.3/centos7-amd64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

gpgcheck=1

# yum update

更新套件名稱.

[root@localhost ~]$ yum update

# yum install

安裝套件名稱.

[root@localhost ~]$ yum install MariaDB-Galera-server

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: ftp.tc.edu.tw

* extras: ftp.tc.edu.tw

* updates: ftp.tc.edu.tw

No package MariaDB-Galera-server available.

Error: Nothing to do

不是所有的套件都可以在預設的 yum repos 裡面,像是 MariaDB 就需要新增加 MariaDB 的 YUM 網址.目前版本有分 5.5 以及 10.1 (MariaDB server 含 Galera 功能).我用的是 5.5 版本 (請先上 MariaDB 官方網站查詢版本與 baseurl, gpgkey),並新增 yum repos 設定.

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo

[mariadb]

name = MariaDB

baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5.51/centos7-amd64/

gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB

gpgcheck=1

[root@localhost ~]# yum update

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

mariadb | 2.9 kB 00:00

mariadb/primary_db | 19 kB 00:00

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw

* extras: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw

* updates: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw

Resolving Dependencies

...

[root@localhost ~]# yum install MariaDB-Galera-server

# yum grouplist , # yum groups install

如果安裝 CentOS7 是最小安裝時是沒有桌面系統的,之後要再額外安裝桌面系統會很麻煩.這時候可以透過 group install 的方式.

[root@localhost ~]$ yum grouplist

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

There is no installed groups file.

Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw

* extras: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw

* updates: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw

Available environment groups:

Minimal Install

Compute Node

Infrastructure Server

File and Print Server

Basic Web Server

Virtualization Host

Server with GUI

GNOME Desktop

KDE Plasma Workspaces

Development and Creative Workstation

Available Groups:

Compatibility Libraries

Console Internet Tools

Development Tools

Graphical Administration Tools

Legacy UNIX Compatibility

Scientific Support

Security Tools

Smart Card Support

System Administration Tools

System Management

[root@localhost ~]$ yum groups install "GNOME Desktop"

# yum remove

移除套件名稱.

[root@localhost ~]$ yum remove MariaDB-Galera-server

# yum search

搜尋套件名稱.

[root@localhost ~]$ yum search MariaDB-Galera-server

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw

* extras: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw

* updates: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw

====================== N/S matched: MariaDB-Galera-server ======================

MariaDB-Galera-server.x86_64 : MariaDB: a very fast and robust SQL database

: server

Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

可以加參數 all 搜尋更多

[root@localhost ~]$ yum search all MariaDB-Galera-server

但是很多的時候我們根本不知道套件名稱怎麼辦呢!!可以利用下面的 #yum whatprovides

# yum whatprovides “*command”

查詢未安裝的程式是由哪一個套件裡提供的.搜尋 /sbin/ifconfig 是哪一個套件提供的.

[root@localhost ~]$yum whatprovides "*ifconfig"

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirror01.idc.hinet.net

* extras: ftp.twaren.net

* updates: ftp.twaren.net

hypervkvpd-0-0.26.20150402git.el7.x86_64 : HyperV key value pair (KVP) daemon

Repo : base

Matched from:

Filename : /usr/libexec/hypervkvpd/hv_set_ifconfig

net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools

Repo : base

Matched from:

Filename : /sbin/ifconfig

python-ethtool-0.8-5.el7.x86_64 : Ethernet settings python bindings

Repo : base

Matched from:

Filename : /usr/sbin/pifconfig

zsh-5.0.2-14.el7.x86_64 : Powerful interactive shell

Repo : base

Matched from:

Filename : /usr/share/zsh/5.0.2/functions/_ifconfig

zsh-5.0.2-14.el7_2.2.x86_64 : Powerful interactive shell

Repo : updates

Matched from:

Filename : /usr/share/zsh/5.0.2/functions/_ifconfig

# yum clean

清除 /var/cache/yum 下載的暫存套件檔,使用 #yum clean all 可以一次就給他清乾淨.

[root@localhost ~]$ yum clean all

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Cleaning repos: base extras mariadb nginx updates

Cleaning up everything

Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

# yum list updates

列出所有可供更新的套件.

[root@localhost ~]$ yum list updates

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

base | 3.6 kB 00:00

extras | 3.4 kB 00:00

mariadb | 2.9 kB 00:00

nginx | 2.9 kB 00:00

updates | 3.4 kB 00:00

(1/6): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 155 kB 00:01

(2/6): nginx/x86_64/primary_db | 24 kB 00:01

(3/6): mariadb/primary_db | 19 kB 00:01

(4/6): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 168 kB 00:05

(5/6): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.6 MB 00:15

(6/6): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.4 MB 00:24

Determining fastest mirrors

* base: ftp.yzu.edu.tw

* extras: ftp.yzu.edu.tw

* updates: ftp.yzu.edu.tw

# yum list installed

列出所有已經安裝的套件.

[root@localhost ~]$ yum list installed

遇過的問題

更新時出現以下的錯誤訊息.

[root@localhost ~]# yum update

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 3020.

Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...

The other application is: PackageKit

Memory : 59 M RSS (1.4 GB VSZ)

Started: Tue Dec 10 00:04:50 2019 - 00:08 ago

State : Running, pid: 3020

packagekit 這個 Tool 會自動幫忙更新,想要改成手動更新,可以直接把該服務停掉.

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop packagekit

沒有解決問題,試試搜尋本站其他內容