python求解不等式组,Python中的不等式和括号

So in python, truth conditions can be easily checked and with parenthesis it prioritize the order of true conditions, e.g. these are easy to understand:

>>> 3 > 2

True

>>> (3 > 2) is True

True

But what does these mean, I couldn't grasp the logic of why they return False/True:

>>> 3 > 2 is True

False

>>> 3 > (2 is True)

True

>>> 5 < 3 is False > 2 is True

False

>>> 5 < 3 is False is True > 2 is True

False

>>> 3 < 5 is True is True > 2 is True

False

>>> 3 < 5 is True is True > 2 is True is not False is True

False

>>> 3 < 5 is True is (True > 2 is True is not False) is True

False

>>> 3 < 5 is True is (True > (2 is True) is not False) is True

False

>>> (3 < 5 is True is True) > 2 is (True is not False is True)

False

I know these are not pythonic conditions but how should I understand them? Is it still from left to right?

Or does is True or/and is False takes presidence?

解决方案

You can analyse each of those cases with dis module to figure out exactly what's happening. For example:

In [1]: import dis

In [2]: def test():

...: return 3 > 2 is True

...:

In [3]: dis.dis(test)

2 0 LOAD_CONST 1 (3)

3 LOAD_CONST 2 (2)

6 DUP_TOP

7 ROT_THREE

8 COMPARE_OP 4 (>)

11 JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP 21

14 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (True)

17 COMPARE_OP 8 (is)

20 RETURN_VALUE

>> 21 ROT_TWO

22 POP_TOP

23 RETURN_VALUE

That means the stack looks like this after each step:

0: 3

3: 3 2

6: 3 2 2

7: 2 3 2

8: 2 True

11: 2

14: 2 True

17: False (comparison was: "2 is True")

20: (False is returned)

To me, it looks like a bug in Python to be honest. Maybe there's some good explanation of why this happens, but I'd report it upstream.

Just to rewrite it in equivalent way, the code does:

if 3 > 2:

if 2 is True:

return True

return False

Edit: Maybe it actually makes some weird kind of sense. Consider how checking chained inequalities works:

3 > 2 > 1 == 3 > 2 and 2 > 1

If it generalises to:

x op1 y op2 z == x op1 y and y op2 z

that would explain the result.

Edit2: This actually matches documentation. Have a look at chained comparisons: https://docs.python.org/2/reference/expressions.html#not-in

comparison ::= or_expr ( comp_operator or_expr )*

comp_operator ::= "" | "==" | ">=" | "<=" | "<>" | "!="

| "is" ["not"] | ["not"] "in"

is is considered just as good comparison as >, so the standard expansion for multiple comparisons is applied.

Other comparisons should be clear now. The only strange new detail needed is: True == 1, False == 0, so 3 > False in 3 > (2 is True). Most others can be explained with the expansions. For example:

5 < 3 is False > 2 is True == False

(5 < 3) and (3 is False) and (False > 2) and (2 is True) == False