oracle11g安全备份新特性,Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（十）

打算写一系列的文章介绍11g的新特性和变化。

Oracle11g在备份和恢复方面新增了很多的功能，无论是性能、功能性、安全性和可操作性方面都有了不同程度的提高。

这一篇介绍rman备份脚本的替换变量功能。

11g增加了备份脚本的变量替换功能，提高了备份脚本的灵活性。

看一个简单的例子：

[oracle@yangtk ~]$ vi rman_backup.sh

rman target / << EOF

{

allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/data1/backup/%U';

backup database tag regular_backup_071211;

}

EOF

编写一个简单的备份脚本，将文件属性设置为可以执行：

[oracle@yangtk ~]$ chmod 744 rman_backup.sh

下面就可以执行这个脚本对数据库进行备份了：

[oracle@yangtk ~]$ . rman_backup.sh

Recovery Manager: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Sat Nov 10 07:08:49 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4026820313)

RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5>

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: c1

channel c1: SID=135 device type=DISK

released channel: c1

Starting backup at 10-NOV-07

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=135 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_system_3d3795py_.dbf

input datafile file number=00002 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_3d379f1s_.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_3d379k48_.dbf

input datafile file number=00005 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3d3kn7k4_.dbf

input datafile file number=00006 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3g73q02m_.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_users_3d37bq45_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-NOV-07

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-NOV-07

piece handle=/data1/backup/1oj0m784_1_1 tag=REGULAR_BACKUP_071211 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:56

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

including current control file in backup set

including current SPFILE in backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-NOV-07

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-NOV-07

piece handle=/data1/backup/1pj0m7e0_1_1 tag=REGULAR_BACKUP_071211 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

Finished backup at 10-NOV-07

使用脚本虽然很方便，但是不够灵活，有的时候希望更改一些参数，甚至是动态输入一些参数。11g新增的替换变量功能使得这种需求可以很简单的实现。

首先创建一个RMAN命令文件：

[oracle@yangtk ~]$ vi rman_command.cmd

run

{

allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/data1/&1/%U';

backup database tag &2;

}

这样在rman中就可以直接调用了：

[oracle@yangtk ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Sat Nov 10 07:49:33 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4026820313)

RMAN> @rman_command.cmd 'backup' 'tag_var_071211'

RMAN> run

2> {

3> allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/data1/backup/%U';

4> backup database tag tag_var_071211;

5> }

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: c1

channel c1: SID=106 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 10-NOV-07

channel c1: starting full datafile backup set

channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_system_3d3795py_.dbf

input datafile file number=00002 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_3d379f1s_.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_3d379k48_.dbf

input datafile file number=00005 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3d3kn7k4_.dbf

input datafile file number=00006 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3g73q02m_.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_users_3d37bq45_.dbf

channel c1: starting piece 1 at 10-NOV-07

channel c1: finished piece 1 at 10-NOV-07

piece handle=/data1/backup/1tj0m9lh_1_1 tag=TAG_VAR_071211 comment=NONE

channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:03:38

channel c1: starting full datafile backup set

channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

including current control file in backup set

including current SPFILE in backup set

channel c1: starting piece 1 at 10-NOV-07

channel c1: finished piece 1 at 10-NOV-07

piece handle=/data1/backup/1uj0m9sk_1_1 tag=TAG_VAR_071211 comment=NONE

channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished backup at 10-NOV-07

released channel: c1

RMAN>

RMAN> **end-of-file**

RMAN>

这种变量替换还可以使用在SCRIPTS中。这里就不描述了。