摘要：
A freely accessible culture collection of polar bacteria is now available. We collected natural bacterial communities during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) from Dec. 2016 to Mar. 2017 for isolation and identification purposes. The expedition has travelled for 33,565 kilometers all around Antarctica, allowing us to bring back unprecedented live samples from the Southern Ocean. Water samples were collected at 15 different sites at the surface, 15, 100 and at 1000 m depth. Two additional samples were collected: one in the Ross Sea at 3800 m to get the signature of the Antarctic Bottom Water, and another one at 700m at on seabed underneath the Mertz glacier. Bacteria colonies were first grown in nutrient rich (Marine Broth) and poor (R2A) agar media at 4°C directly on board the R/V Akademik Treshnikov. Each colonies were subsequently isolated a first time at sea, followed by additional isolation steps in our home lab (Geneva, Switzerland) until we get pure cultures. A total of 314 isolates were recovered, documented, and archived at -80°C. Using 16S RNA Sanger sequencing, we have so far characterized the bacterial diversity of 186 of these isolates. One of the project's overarching goals was to identify the key microbial players across the Southern Ocean and to stimulate research on bacteria inhabiting this extremely harsh region of our world. The outcome of this project resonates with a better understanding of the functioning and diversity of the Southern Ocean.
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