下面通过实例操作来说明:
本人对Oracle数据库的profile文件进行如下安全设置:(其中的FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 6是对用户尝试失败的登录最大次数的限制,这里只允许最多尝试失败6次)
SQL>ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT
FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 6
PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 60
PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME 60
PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX 5
PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION verify_function_11g
PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 1/24
PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 90;
通过以下语句查询当前用户的状态:
SQL> select username,account_status from dba_users;
USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------------
DBA_USER OPEN
DBSNMP OPEN
SYSMAN OPEN
SCOTT OPEN
FLOWS_FILES EXPIRED & LOCKED
MDSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED
WMSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED
ORDDATA EXPIRED & LOCKED
CTXSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED
ANONYMOUS EXPIRED & LOCKED
接下来使用账号dba_user和scott,以错误的密码尝试连接数库6次以上后,再查看数据库用户状态:
SQL> select username,account_status from dba_users;
USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------------
DBA_USER EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED(TIMED)
DBSNMP OPEN
SYSMAN OPEN
SCOTT EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED(TIMED)
FLOWS_FILES EXPIRED & LOCKED
MDSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED
WMSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED
ORDDATA EXPIRED & LOCKED
CTXSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED
ANONYMOUS EXPIRED & LOCKED
事实证明,当用户DBA_USER和SCOTT为EXPIRED(GRACE)的时候,用户又尝试失败的login次数超过了FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS,被系统自动锁定.
如果这两个用户为生产现网的业务账户的话,管理员不能及时发现问题或报警的话,将会造成业务中断等严重的后果。