java单链表交换相邻元素_数据结构:单向链表系列7--交换相邻两个节点2(交换链域/指针域)...

这篇博客介绍如何在单向链表中交换相邻两个元素。提供了C、Java和C#三种语言的代码实现,交换是通过改变链域(指针域)而非数据域完成的,以避免在数据字段多时造成不必要的交换操作。时间复杂度为O(n),适用于不同长度的链表,包括奇数和偶数个节点的情况。
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给定一个单向链表,编写函数交换相邻 两个元素

输入: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7

输出: 2 -> 1 -> 4 -> 3 -> 6 -> 5 -> 7

输入: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6

输出: 2 -> 1 -> 4 -> 3 -> 6 -> 5

通过观察发现:当输入的与元素个数是单数的时候,最后一位不参与交换。

当链表节点中的数据字段不多的时候我们可以交换数据域的指针来实现相邻两个节点的交换。

当数据域太多时操作成本将非常昂贵,该情形下,更改链域(指针域)将是一个更好的解决方法。

以下是代码的实现:

时间复杂度:O(n)

c语言:

/*the program swaps the nodes of linked list rather than swapping the

field from the nodes.

Imagine a case where a node contains many fields, there will be plenty

of unnecessary swap calls.*/#include#include

/*A linked list node*/

structNode {intindex;intdata;struct Node*next;

};/*function to pairwise swap elements of a linked list*/

void pairWiseSwap(struct Node**head_ref)

{//if linked list empty or there is only one node in list

if(*head_ref == NULL || (*head_ref)->next ==NULL)

{return;

}//initialize previous and current pointers

struct Node* previous = *head_ref;struct Node* current = (*head_ref)->next;//change head before proceeding

*head_ref =current;//Traverse the list

while(1)

{struct Node* next = current->next;//change next of current as previous node

current->next =previous;//if next NULL or next is last node

if(next == NULL || next->next ==NULL)

{

previous->next =next;break;

}//change next of previous to next next

previous->next = next->next;//update previous and current

previous =next;

current= previous->next;

}

}/*function to add a node at the beginning of Linked List*/

void push(struct Node** head_ref, int index,intnew_data)

{//allocate node

struct Node* new_node = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(structNode));//fill with the index

new_node->index =index;//put in the data

new_node->data =new_data;//link the old list of the new node

new_node->next = (*head_ref);//move the head to point to the new node

(*head_ref) =new_node;

}/*function to print nodes in a given linked list*/

void printList(struct Node*node)

{while(node !=NULL)

{

printf("(index %d)%d", node->index, node->data);

node= node->next;

}

printf("\n");

}/*driver program to test above function*/

intmain() {struct Node* start =NULL;/*the constructed linked list is:

1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7*/push(&start, 7, 7);

push(&start, 6, 6);

push(&start ,5, 5);

push(&start, 4, 4);

push(&start, 3, 3);

push(&start, 2, 2);

push(&start, 1, 1);

printf("Linked list before calling pairwise swap function\n");

printList(start);

pairWiseSwap(&start);

printf("Linked list after calling pairwise swap function\n");

printList(start);return 0;

}

a8b743f249431e982173163d8f42358f.png

java代码:

//Java program to swap elements of linked list by changing links

classLinkedList {staticNode head;static classNode {intdata;

Node next;

Node(intd)

{

data=d;

next= null;

}

}/*Function to pairwise swap elements of a linked list*/Node pairWiseSwap(Node node)

{//If linked list is empty or there is only one node in list

if (node == null || node.next == null) {returnnode;

}//Initialize previous and current pointers

Node prev =node;

Node curr=node.next;

node= curr; //Change head before proceeeding//Traverse the list

while (true) {

Node next=curr.next;

curr.next= prev; //Change next of current as previous node//If next NULL or next is the last node

if (next == null || next.next == null) {

prev.next=next;break;

}//Change next of previous to next next

prev.next =next.next;//Update previous and curr

prev =next;

curr=prev.next;

}returnnode;

}/*Function to print nodes in a given linked list*/

voidprintList(Node node)

{while (node != null) {

System.out.print(node.data+ " ");

node=node.next;

}

}//Driver program to test above functions

public static voidmain(String[] args)

{/*The constructed linked list is:

1->2->3->4->5->6->7*/LinkedList list= newLinkedList();

list.head= new Node(1);

list.head.next= new Node(2);

list.head.next.next= new Node(3);

list.head.next.next.next= new Node(4);

list.head.next.next.next.next= new Node(5);

list.head.next.next.next.next.next= new Node(6);

list.head.next.next.next.next.next.next= new Node(7);

System.out.println("Linked list before calling pairwiseSwap() ");

list.printList(head);

Node st=list.pairWiseSwap(head);

System.out.println("");

System.out.println("Linked list after calling pairwiseSwap() ");

list.printList(st);

System.out.println("");

}

}//This code has been contributed by Mayank Jaiswal

c#代码:

//C# program to swap elements of//linked list by changing links

usingSystem;public classLinkedList {

Node head;public classNode {public intdata;publicNode next;public Node(intd)

{

data=d;

next= null;

}

}/*Function to pairwise swap

elements of a linked list*/Node pairWiseSwap(Node node)

{//If linked list is empty or there//is only one node in list

if (node == null || node.next == null) {returnnode;

}//Initialize previous and current pointers

Node prev =node;

Node curr=node.next;//Change head before proceeeding

node =curr;//Traverse the list

while (true) {

Node next=curr.next;//Change next of current as previous node

curr.next =prev;//If next NULL or next is the last node

if (next == null || next.next == null) {

prev.next=next;break;

}//Change next of previous to next next

prev.next =next.next;//Update previous and curr

prev =next;

curr=prev.next;

}returnnode;

}/*Function to print nodes

in a given linked list*/

voidprintList(Node node)

{while (node != null) {

Console.Write(node.data+ " ");

node=node.next;

}

}//Driver code

public static voidMain(String[] args)

{/*The constructed linked list is:

1->2->3->4->5->6->7*/LinkedList list= newLinkedList();

list.head= new Node(1);

list.head.next= new Node(2);

list.head.next.next= new Node(3);

list.head.next.next.next= new Node(4);

list.head.next.next.next.next= new Node(5);

list.head.next.next.next.next.next= new Node(6);

list.head.next.next.next.next.next.next= new Node(7);

Console.WriteLine("Linked list before calling pairwiseSwap()");

list.printList(list.head);

Node st=list.pairWiseSwap(list.head);

Console.WriteLine("");

Console.WriteLine("Linked list after calling pairwiseSwap()");

list.printList(st);

Console.WriteLine("");

}

}//This code contributed by Rajput-Ji

递归法:

c语言:

/*This program swaps the nodes of linkd list rather than swapping the

field from the nodes.

Imagine a case where a node contains many fields, there will be plenty

of unnecessary swap calls*/#include#include

/*A linked list node*/

structNode

{intdata;struct Node*next;

};/*function to pairwise swap elements of a linked list.

it returns head of the modified list, so return value

of this node must be assigned*/

struct Node* pairWiseSwap(struct Node*head)

{//base case: the list is empty or has only one node

if(head == NULL || head->next ==NULL)returnhead;//store head of list after two nodes

struct Node* remaing = head->next->next;//chnage head

struct Node* newhead = head->next;//change next of second node

head->next->next =head;//recursive for remaining list and change next of head

head->next =pairWiseSwap(remaing);//Return new head of modified list

returnnewhead;

}/*function to add a node at the begining of Linked List*/

void push(struct Node** head_ref, intnew_data)

{//allocate node

struct Node* new_node = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(structNode));//puth in the data

new_node->data =new_data;/*link the old list off the new node*/new_node->next = (*head_ref);/*move the head to point to the new node*/(*head_ref) =new_node;

}/*function to print nodes in a given linked list*/

void printList(struct Node*node)

{while( node !=NULL )

{

printf("%d", node->data);

node= node->next;

}

printf("\n");

}/*Driver program to test above function*/

intmain()

{struct Node* start =NULL;/*the constructed linked list is

1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7*/push(&start, 7);

push(&start, 6);

push(&start, 5);

push(&start, 4);

push(&start, 3);

push(&start, 2);

push(&start, 1);

printf("Linked List before calling pairWiseSwap function\n");

printList(start);//note this change

start =pairWiseSwap(start);

printf("Linked list after calling pairWiseSwap function\n");

printList(start);return 0;

}

结果:

bbfed960e49749fb70c12b441eb45a24.png

java代码:

//Java program to swap elements of linked list by changing links

classLinkedList {staticNode head;static classNode {intdata;

Node next;

Node(intd)

{

data=d;

next= null;

}

}/*Function to pairwise swap elements of a linked list.

It returns head of the modified list, so return value

of this node must be assigned*/Node pairWiseSwap(Node node)

{//Base Case: The list is empty or has only one node

if (node == null || node.next == null) {returnnode;

}//Store head of list after two nodes

Node remaing =node.next.next;//Change head

Node newhead =node.next;//Change next of second node

node.next.next =node;//Recur for remaining list and change next of head

node.next =pairWiseSwap(remaing);//Return new head of modified list

returnnewhead;

}/*Function to print nodes in a given linked list*/

voidprintList(Node node)

{while (node != null) {

System.out.print(node.data+ " ");

node=node.next;

}

}//Driver program to test above functions

public static voidmain(String[] args)

{/*The constructed linked list is:

1->2->3->4->5->6->7*/LinkedList list= newLinkedList();

list.head= new Node(1);

list.head.next= new Node(2);

list.head.next.next= new Node(3);

list.head.next.next.next= new Node(4);

list.head.next.next.next.next= new Node(5);

list.head.next.next.next.next.next= new Node(6);

list.head.next.next.next.next.next.next= new Node(7);

System.out.println("Linked list before calling pairwiseSwap() ");

list.printList(head);

head=list.pairWiseSwap(head);

System.out.println("");

System.out.println("Linked list after calling pairwiseSwap() ");

list.printList(head);

System.out.println("");

}

}

c#

//C# program to swap elements//of linked list by changing links

usingSystem;public classLinkedList {

Node head;classNode {public intdata;publicNode next;public Node(intd)

{

data=d;

next= null;

}

}/*Function to pairwise swap

elements of a linked list.

It returns head of the modified

list, so return value of this

node must be assigned*/Node pairWiseSwap(Node node)

{//Base Case: The list is empty//or has only one node

if (node == null || node.next == null) {returnnode;

}//Store head of list after two nodes

Node remaing =node.next.next;//Change head

Node newhead =node.next;//Change next of second node

node.next.next =node;//Recur for remaining list//and change next of head

node.next =pairWiseSwap(remaing);//Return new head of modified list

returnnewhead;

}/*Function to print nodes in a given linked list*/

voidprintList(Node node)

{while (node != null) {

Console.Write(node.data+ " ");

node=node.next;

}

}//Driver program to test above functions

public static voidMain()

{/*The constructed linked list is:

1->2->3->4->5->6->7*/LinkedList list= newLinkedList();

list.head= new Node(1);

list.head.next= new Node(2);

list.head.next.next= new Node(3);

list.head.next.next.next= new Node(4);

list.head.next.next.next.next= new Node(5);

list.head.next.next.next.next.next= new Node(6);

list.head.next.next.next.next.next.next= new Node(7);

Console.WriteLine("Linked list before calling pairwiseSwap()");

list.printList(list.head);

list.head=list.pairWiseSwap(list.head);

Console.WriteLine("");

Console.WriteLine("Linked list after calling pairwiseSwap()");

list.printList(list.head);

Console.WriteLine("");

}

}//This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992

其他参考:

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