【Android】ViewModelSaveState 即使进程在后台被系统杀死数据也存活 两种方法
寒光博客 • 2020 年 03 月 26 日
简单例子
Android 按下按钮标签中的数字累加,用onSaveInstanceState、ViewModel来存放数据
使得即使进程在后台被系统杀死数据也存活
代码
ViewModel管理屏幕的数据 Activity和ViewModel对应
activtity发生进入后台、翻转、语言切换(翻转和语言切换都是activity的重新创建)
ViewModel都是存活的,所以数据不会丢失
但是一旦发生 系统杀死后台进程 则ViewModel也会被杀死,重新创建。
为了不希望这种事情发生,所以我们要进行修正 有一下方法 ,通过该简单例子来说明思路
activity_main.xml
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
name="data"
type="cn.dxoca.viewmodelresort.MyViewModel" />
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
android:id="@+id/textView"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@{String.valueOf(data.getNumber())}"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.216" />
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Button"
android:onClick="@{()->data.add()}"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
旧方法 onSaveInstanceState
通过activity中的 onSaveInstanceState方法 来保存后台杀死后的 界面存放的数据
(系统已设置进制后台程序运行)
MainActivity.java
package cn.dxoca.viewmodelresort;
import cn.dxoca.viewmodelresort.databinding.ActivityMainBinding;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
MyViewModel myViewModel;
ActivityMainBinding binding;
final static String KEY_NUMBER = "my_number";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
myViewModel = new ViewModelProvider(this).get(MyViewModel.class);
//后台杀死后数据依然存活
if (savedInstanceState != null)//通过key取回整数 设置到number变量中
{//判空再取值,取回数据
myViewModel.getNumber().setValue(savedInstanceState.getInt(KEY_NUMBER));
Log.d("tag", "onCreate: Recover Key_number");
}
binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
binding.setData(myViewModel);
binding.setLifecycleOwner(this);
}
@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(@NonNull Bundle outState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
outState.putInt(KEY_NUMBER, myViewModel.getNumber().getValue());
}
}
MyViewModel.java
package cn.dxoca.viewmodelresort;
import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.SavedStateHandle;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;
public class MyViewModel extends ViewModel {
private MutableLiveData number;
public MutableLiveData getNumber() {
if (number == null) {
number = new MutableLiveData<>();
number.setValue(0);
}
return number;
}
/**
* 累加
*/
public void add() {
number.setValue(number.getValue() + 1);
}
}
新方法 ViewModel Savedstate
即便应用程序在后台被杀死的情况下,viewModel数据任然可以存活,不会轻易丢失,数据更健康
ViewModel-SavedState API:
https://developer.android.com/jetpack/androidx/releases/lifecycle#viewmodel-savedstate-1.0.0
在gradle dependencies中写入
implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.2.0'
MainActivity.java
package cn.dxoca.viewmodelresort;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider;
import android.os.Bundle;
import cn.dxoca.viewmodelresort.databinding.ActivityMainBinding;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
MyViewModel myViewModel;
ActivityMainBinding binding;
public final static String KEY_NUMBER = "my_number";//声明为public 全局试用(MyViewModel中)
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
myViewModel = new ViewModelProvider(this).get(MyViewModel.class);
binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
binding.setData(myViewModel);
binding.setLifecycleOwner(this);
}
}
MyViewModel.java
package cn.dxoca.viewmodelresort;
import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.SavedStateHandle;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;
public class MyViewModel extends ViewModel {
//当ViewModel被摧毁的时候通过SavedStateHandle 在重新创建ViewModel的时候 重构数据 并传递过来
private SavedStateHandle handle;
public MyViewModel(SavedStateHandle handle) {
this.handle = handle;
}
public MutableLiveData getNumber() {//ViewModel请求这个数的时候
if (!handle.contains(MainActivity.KEY_NUMBER)) {//判断handle变量有没有包含key名称的数据(不包含Key)
handle.set(MainActivity.KEY_NUMBER, 0);//没有就 初始化为0
}
return handle.getLiveData(MainActivity.KEY_NUMBER);
}
/**
* 累加
*/
public void add() {
getNumber().setValue(getNumber().getValue() + 1);
}
}