目录:1.备份与恢复
2.主从复制
3.主主复制
4.半同步复制
5.MHA
6.centos7搭建mariadb Galera集群
1.备份和恢复
备份工具:mysqldump+复制binlog
xtrabackup
(1) mysqldump+复制binlog
备份:
mysqldump -E -R –triggers –master-data=2 –flush-logs –single-transaction –databases hellodb > /tmp/backup
恢复:
mysql < /tmp/backup
时间点还原:
mysqlbinlog –start-position=245 /tmp/log.100004 > /tmp/backup
mysql < /tmp/backup
–flush-log:滚动一下日志,以方便用二进制日志文件进行时间点还原
–single-transaction:mysqldump热备时需要执行此选项,备份是启用一个大的事务完成的备份(在常用的两种数据库引擎中,myisam仅支持温备,innodb支持热备)
–databases:指定备份哪一个数据库
MyISAM:支持温备,锁定备份库而后启动备份操作
InnoDB:支持热备
-E:--event 备份指定库相关的所有事件
-R:--routiness 备份指定数据库相关的存储过程和存储函数
–triggers:备份表相关的触发器
–master-data=#:0不使用,1记录为master to
注意:二进制日志文件不应该与数据文件放在同一磁盘上
(2) xtrabackup
# yum install percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1-el7.x86_64.rpm
完全备份:
innobackupex --user= --password= /path/to/backup/dir
# innobackupex --user=root /backups/
还原:
# scp /backups/2017-11-21_12-00-30/ node3:/root
# innobackupex --apply-log /backups/2017-11-21_12-00-30/ 整理
Complete OK !
# innobackupex --apply-back /backups/2017-11-21_12-00-30/ 恢复
Complete OK !
# cd /data/mysql
# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/*
增量备份:
innobackupex –incremental /backups/ –incremental-basedir=/backups/2017-11-21_12-00-30/
恢复:
innobackupex –redo-only –apply-log /backups/2017-11-21_12-00-30/
innobackupex –redo-only –apply-log /backups/2017-11-21_12-00-30/ –-incremental-dir=/backups/2017-11-21_12-15-35/
innobackupex –copy-back /backups/2017-11-21_12-00-30/
–databases:指明备份哪个库,到哪个位置即可
–incremental:指明这次增量备份
–incremental-basedir:指明以那一次为基础的增量
–incremental-dir:指明增量备份是哪一个
–copy-back:代表还原,要注意的是指明的目录为完全备份的目录
2.主从复制主节点:①启用二进制 ②为当前节点设置一个全局唯一的ID号 ③创建有复制权限的用户
从节点:①启用中继日志 ②为当前节点设置一个全局唯一的ID号 ③使用有复制权限的用户连接主服务器,并启用复制线程
(1)主节点:
# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后面添加如下内容
innodb_file_per_table = ON
skip_name_resolve = ON
server-id = 1
log-bin = master-log
# systemctl start mariadb.service
# mysql
> show global variables like '%log%';
> show master logs;
> show global variables like '%server%';
> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to ‘repluser’@’192.168.1.%’ identified by ‘replpass’;
> flush privileges;
2.从节点
# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后面添加如下内容
innodb_file_per_table = ON
skip_name_resolve = ON
server-id = 5
relay-log = relay-log
read-only = 1
relay-log-purge = 0
# systemctl start mariadb.service
# mysql
> change master to master_host=’192.168.1.32′,master_user=’repluser’,master_password=’replpass’,
master_log_file=’master-bin.000001′,从那个二进制日志文件复制
master_log_pos=245;
> show slave status\G; 查看自己的从信息
> start slave; 启动复制线程
> show slave status\G;
验证:主节点:> create database mydb;
> show databases;
从节点:> show databases;
注意:主从复制要关闭selinux
iptables -F
网络要通,可以用ping或telnet
主从同步出现问题,可参考此文档http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-03/57708.htm
3.主主复制:
互为主从
① 各节点使用唯一server-id
② 都启动binary log和relay log
③ 创建拥有复制权限的用户账号
④ 定义自动增长id字段的数值范围为奇偶
⑤ 均把对方指定为主节点,并启动复制线程
# vim /etc/my.cnf
主mysql主机操作:
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 1 id号不能跟从服务器相同
log-bin = master-bin 自定义主服务器的二进制日志文件名
relay-log = relay-log 自定义从服务器的二进制日志文件名
auto_increment_offset = 1
auto_increment_increment = 2
另个主mysql主机操作:
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 5
relay-log = relay-log
lob-bin = master-bin
auto_increment_offset = 2
auto_increment_increment = 2
2.授权具有复制权限的用户,指定master节点
主mysql主机操作:
(1)授权
grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to ‘repluser’@’192.168.1.%’ identified by ‘replpass’;
(2)先在另个主mysql上查看节点
show master status\G;
(3)指定节点
change master to master_host=’192.168.1.33′,master_user=’repluser’,master_password=’replpass’,master_log_file=’master-bin.000001′,master_log_pos=245;
另个主mysql主机操作:
(1)授权
grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to ‘repluser’@’192.168.1.%’ identified by ‘replpass’;
(2)先在另个主mysql上查看节点
show master status\G
(3)指定节点
change master to master_host=’192.168.1.32′,master_user=’repluser’,master_password=’replpass’,master_log_file=’master-bin.000002′,master_log_pos=245;
4.半同步复制:
1.同样配置为主从复制,配置文件也同主从复制(my.cnf)
2.安装rplsemisync_master插件,并启用
主节点:
# mysql
> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname ‘semisync_master.so’;
> set global rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1;
> show plugins; 查看可用插件
从节点:
# mysql
> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_slave soname ‘semisync_slave.so’;
> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1;
> start slave;
> show slave status\G;
5.MHA:
node1:MHA Manager //192.168.1.31
node2:MariaDB master //192.168.1.33
node3:MariaDB slave //192.168.1.35
node4:MariaDB slave //192.168.1.47
1.将node2与node3配置为主从复制节点,将node2与node4配置为半同步复制
2.在master节点上创建一个管理mysql的用户
> grant all on *.* to ‘mhuser’@’192.168.1.%’ identified by ‘mhapass’;
3.配置4个主机间能基于ssh互相通信
node1:
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ” 创建私钥
# cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub > .ssh/authorized_keys 覆盖
# scp .ssh/authorized_keys .ssh/id_rsa .ssh/id_rsa.pub node2:/root/.ssh/
# scp .ssh/authorized_keys .ssh/id_rsa .ssh/id_rsa.pub node3:/root/.ssh/
# scp .ssh/authorized_keys .ssh/id_rsa .ssh/id_rsa.pub node4:/root/.ssh/
测试:# ssh node2 'ifconfig'
# ssh node3 'ifconfig'
# ssh node4 'ifconfig'
4.下载安装MHA
node1:
# yum install mha4mysql-manager-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
node2&3&4
# yum install mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
5.配置MHA
# vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf
[server default]
user=mhauser //mysql的管理用户
password=mhapass //mysql的管理用户的密码
manager_workdir=/data/masterha/app1 //manager的工作路径,会自动创建
manager_log=/data/masterha/app/manager.log //manager日志文件
remote_workdir=/data/masterha/app //远程主机的工作目录
ssh_user=root
repl_user=repluser
repl_password=replpass
ping_intervarl=1 //心跳信息传递间隔
[server1]
hostname=192.168.1.33
ssh_port=22
candidate_master=1 //将来这个节点是否参与成为主节点
[server2]
hostname=192.168.1.35
ssh_port=22
candidate_master=1
[server3]
hostname=192.168.1.47
ssh_port=22
candidate_master=1
6.检测各节点间ssh互相通信配置是否OK,检查管理的mysql复制集群的连接配置参数是否OK
# masterha_check_ssh –conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
# masterha_check_repl –conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
启动MHA
masterha_manager –conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
7.测试
node2: # killqll mysqld mysqld_safe
node4: > show slave status\G; 主节点发生变化
6.centos7搭建mariadb Galera集群
node1 IP:192.168.1.32
node2 IP:192.168.1.33
node3 IP:192.168.1.35
node1:
# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/galera.repo
[galera]
name=galera
baseurl=http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/mariadb-5.5.57/yum/centos7-amd64/
gpgcheck=0
# scp /etc/yum.repos.d/galera.repo 192.168.1.33:/etc/yum.repos.d/
# scp /etc/yum.repos.d/galera.repo 192.168.1.35:/etc/yum.repos.d/
node1&2&3:
# yum isntall MariaDB-Galera-server -y
node1:
# rpm -ql galera | grep -i smm.so
/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
[galera]
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.32,192.168.1.33,192.168.1.35"
binlog_format=row //二进制日志格式
default_storage_engine=InnoDB //默认引擎
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2 //锁格式
bind-address=0.0.0.0 //监听地址
wsrep_cluster_name="galera_cluster" //集群名称
wsrep_slave_threads=1 //复制线程
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 //是否在每次事务提交时都刷新事务日志
# scp /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf node2:/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
# scp /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf node3:/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
首次启动时,需要初始化集群,在其中一个节点执行
# /etc/init.d/mysql start --wsrep-new-cluster
node2&3:
# /etc/init.d/mysql start
SUCCESS!
node1:
# mysql
> create database mydb;
> show databases;
node2:
# mysql
> show databases;
原创文章,作者:nene,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.178linux.com/88767