android 如何重载函数,Android片段工厂方法与构造函数重载

Android从未直接调用非默认构造函数(也不是工厂方法) – 从技术上讲,使用它并不重要.您可以在添加Fragment之前随时调用setArguments(在任意方法中,即使在构造函数中),如果重新创建Fragment,则该bundle将被保存/还原.视图还具有由Android调用的特殊构造函数,但如果需要,您可以自由使用任意参数(它们不会被Android调用).

Fragment.setArguments代码：

/**

* Supply the construction arguments for this fragment. This can only

* be called before the fragment has been attached to its activity; that

* is,you should call it immediately after constructing the fragment. The

* arguments supplied here will be retained across fragment destroy and

* creation.

*/

public void setArguments(Bundle args) {

if (mIndex >= 0) {

throw new IllegalStateException("Fragment already active");

}

mArguments = args;

}

片段代码：

/**

* Create a new instance of a Fragment with the given class name. This is

* the same as calling its empty constructor.

*

* @param context The calling context being used to instantiate the fragment.

* This is currently just used to get its ClassLoader.

* @param fname The class name of the fragment to instantiate.

* @param args Bundle of arguments to supply to the fragment,which it

* can retrieve with {@link #getArguments()}. May be null.

* @return Returns a new fragment instance.

* @throws InstantiationException If there is a failure in instantiating

* the given fragment class. This is a runtime exception; it is not

* normally expected to happen.

*/

public static Fragment instantiate(Context context,String fname,Bundle args) {

try {

Class> clazz = sClassMap.get(fname);

if (clazz == null) {

// Class not found in the cache,see if it's real,and try to add it

clazz = context.getClassLoader().loadClass(fname);

sClassMap.put(fname,clazz);

}

Fragment f = (Fragment)clazz.newInstance();

if (args != null) {

args.setClassLoader(f.getClass().getClassLoader());

f.mArguments = args;

}

return f;

} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname

+ ": make sure class name exists,is public,and has an"

+ " empty constructor that is public",e);

} catch (java.lang.InstantiationException e) {

throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname

+ ": make sure class name exists,e);

} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {

throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname

+ ": make sure class name exists,e);

}

}

当Android要创建片段的实例时,将调用Fragment.instantiate.它通过Class.newInstance简单的调用,它是使用默认的零arg构造函数创建一个类的Java方法.看这个代码,似乎没有问题,创建额外的构造函数和在其中调用setArguments.

作为惯例,使用片段时通常使用工厂方法.大多数official sample Fragment code也采用工厂方法.以下是一些可能的原因：

>如果您正在编写一个自定义构造函数(带有参数),那么您也必须指定一个零对象构造函数.一个常见的错误是创建一个自定义构造函数,但是忘记定义一个零对象构造函数 – 当Android尝试在重新创建片段时尝试调用零对象构造函数,这将导致崩溃.>创建自定义构造函数时,您可能会尝试直接将构造函数参数分配给字段.这是任何其他Java类写的几乎相当(因此你将如何自然地想写类).由于Android只会调用片段上的零对象构造函数,所以这些数据将无法用于任何重新创建的实例.如你所知,使用setArguments是解决这个问题的方法.即使您可以在构造函数中执行此操作,使用工厂方法使得更加明显的是,此类不能以正常方式构造,从而减少了上述错误(或类似情况)的可能性.