linux安装dhcp客户端,DHCP及自动化安装Linux

主机IP配置:

静态指定 静态IP

动态获取: bootp:bootprotocol MAC与IP一一静态对应

DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 动态主机配置协议基于UTP协议

主要用途：自动化分配IP地址，实现集中管理，解决IP地址不足的问题。

DHCP的4种报文

DHCP DISCOVER OFFER REQUEST ACK

申请过程：

Client--> DHCPDISCOVER

DHCPOFFER DCHPREQUEST

DCHPACK DHCPREQUEST

DHCPACK /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd

/etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf--> /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd6

/usr/sbin/dhcrelay

/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcrelay

dhcpserver:67/udp

dhcpclient: 68/udp

dhcpv6 client:546/udp

vDhcpclient

地址分配记录：/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases

dhclient 自动获取的IP信息：/var/lib/dhclient

配置示例

option domain-name "magedu.com"; //域名

option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.1,8.8.8.8; //指定DNS服务器

default-lease-time 86400;

max-lease-time 86400;

subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { //网段

range 192.168.100.1 192.168.100.200; //可用IP

option routers 192.168.100.1; //默认网关

}

DHCP服务器由路由器隔开，可在路由器上配置

Router1#configure terminal

Router1(config)#interface Ethernet0

Router1(config-if)#ip helper-address 172.25.1.1

Router1(config-if)#ip helper-address 172.25.10.7

Router1(config-if)#end

Router1#

实验：基于网络PXE自动化安装CentOS 7

远程客户端计算机启动，由于BIOS设置了网卡启动，所以网卡PXE ROM中的程序被调入内存执行。首先，客户端在网络中寻找DHCP服务器，然后请求一个IP地址；同时DHCP服务器联系到TFTP服务器为此客户端发送一个bootstrap(引导程序)。客户端收到bootstrap(文件pxelinux.0)后执行，bootstrap会请求TFTP传送bootstrap的配置文件(pxelinux.cfg)。收到后读配置文件。根据配置文件内容和客户情况，客户端请求TFTP传送内核映象文件(vmlinuz)和根文件系统文件(initrd.img)。最后启动内核。这就是一个完整的pxe构建过程。然而要使网卡启动后再继续网络安装系统，则最后还需要FTP服务将系统所需安装文件放置FTP相应目录中进行传输安装

1安装前准备：关闭防火墙和SELINUX，DHCP服务器静态IP

2安装相关软件包

yum install httpd tftp-server dhcp syslinux

3 配置文件共享服务和yum源

systemctl enable httpd

systemctl start httpd

mkdir /var/www/html/centos/7

mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/7

4 准备kickstart文件

cp /root/anaconda-ks.cfg /var/www/html/ksdir/myks.cfg

chmod +r /var/www/html/ksdir/myks.cfg

vim /var/www/html/ksdir/myks.cfg

cat myks.cfg

#version=DEVEL

# System authorization information

auth –enableshadow –passalgo=sha512

# Use CDROM installation media

url –url=http://192.168.25.107/centos/7

# Use graphical install

text

# Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot –enable

ignoredisk –only-use=sda

# Keyboard layouts

keyboard –vckeymap=us –xlayouts=’us’

# System language

lang en_US.UTF-8

# Network information

network –bootproto=dhcp –device=ens33 –onboot=on –ipv6=auto –activate

network –hostname=centos7.magedu.com

# Root password

rootpw –iscrypted $6$Z7LBEUpwj3iQdYZ3$olYQ.Lj1xV2VAGS1UiNflKF0oMGip3b6tU9QFcp0i2JBjwKlY/Yaexul57NHpIJc.Y2V1hWAOueaqwjuWDGMk0

# System services

services –disabled=”chronyd”

# System timezone

timezone Asia/Shanghai –isUtc –nontp

user –name=wang –password=$6$v.VphW/puRblcrFB$uaSrdEhGAwMXap27WIKTn5lyOOfoFyB/SNxyyL3og6s9/VQoAKoL2KQjKmeYFmoYTuYkSNL7BBxgbJzeryKr9. –iscrypted –gecos=”wang”

# X Window System configuration information

xconfig –startxonboot

# System bootloader configuration

bootloader –append=” crashkernel=auto” –location=mbr –boot-drive=sda

# Partition clearing information

zerombr

clearpart –all

# Disk partitioning information

part swap –fstype=”swap” –ondisk=sda –size=2048

part /app –fstype=”xfs” –ondisk=sda –size=51200

part / –fstype=”xfs” –ondisk=sda –size=51200

part /boot –fstype=”xfs” –ondisk=sda –size=1024

reboot

%packages

@core

@desktop-debugging

@dial-up

@fonts

@gnome-desktop

@guest-agents

@guest-desktop-agents

@hardware-monitoring

@input-methods

@internet-browser

@multimedia

@print-client

@x11

kexec-tools

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump –enable –reserve-mb=’auto’

%end

%anaconda

pwpolicy root –minlen=6 –minquality=50 –notstrict –nochanges –notempty

pwpolicy user –minlen=6 –minquality=50 –notstrict –nochanges –notempty

pwpolicy luks –minlen=6 –minquality=50 –notstrict –nochanges –notempty

%end

%post

systemctl enable autofs

rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <

[base]

name=base

baseurl=file:///misc/cd

gpgcheck=0

eof

%end

5配置tftp服务

systemctl enable tftp.socket

systemctl start tftp.socket

6配置DHCP服务

vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

option domain-name “example.com”;

default-lease-time 600;

max-lease-time 7200;

subnet 192.168.25.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

range 192.168.25.50 192.168.25.100;

next-server 192.168.25.107;

filename “pxelinux.0”;

}

systemctl enable dhcpd

systemctl start dhcpd

7 准备PXE相关文件

mkdir/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/

cp/usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,menu.c32} /var/lib/tftpboot/

cp/misc/cd/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/

cp/misc/cd/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

8 制作启动菜单文件

vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

default menu.c32

timeout 600

menu title CentOS Linux 7 PXE Install

label desktop

menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux 7 ^Desktop

kernel vmlinuz

append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.25.107/ksdir/myks.cfg

label mini

menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux 7 M^ini

kernel vmlinuz

append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.25.107/ksdir/ks7-2.cfg

label manual

menu label ^Manual Install CentOS Linux 7

kernel vmlinuz

append initrd=initrd.img inst.repo=http://192.168.25.107/centos/7

label local

menu default

menu label Boot from ^local drive

localboot 0xffff

menu end

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