c语言枚举1到7输出星期几,c语言枚举类型

注：以下全部代码的执行环境为VC++ 6.0

在程序中，可能需要为某些整数定义一个别名，我们可以利用预处理指令#define来完成这项工作，您的代码可能是：

#define

MON 1#define TUE

2#define WED

3#define THU

4#define FRI

5#define SAT

6#define SUN

7

在此，我们定义一种新的数据类型，希望它能完成同样的工作。这种新的数据类型叫枚举型。

1. 定义一种新的数据类型 -

枚举型

以下代码定义了这种新的数据类型 - 枚举型

enum

DAY

{

MON=1, TUE, WED,

THU, FRI, SAT, SUN

};

(1) 枚举型是一个集合，集合中的元素(枚举成员)是一些命名的整型常量，元素之间用逗号,隔开。

(2)

DAY是一个标识符，可以看成这个集合的名字，是一个可选项，即是可有可无的项。

(3) 第一个枚举成员的默认值为整型的0，后续枚举成员的值在前一个成员上加1。

(4) 可以人为设定枚举成员的值，从而自定义某个范围内的整数。

(5) 枚举型是预处理指令#define的替代。

(6) 类型定义以分号;结束。

2.

使用枚举类型对变量进行声明

新的数据类型定义完成后，它就可以使用了。我们已经见过最基本的数据类型，如：整型int, 单精度浮点型float,

双精度浮点型double, 字符型char, 短整型short等等。用这些基本数据类型声明变量通常是这样：

char

a; //变量a的类型均为字符型charchar letter;int x,

y,

z; //变量x,y和z的类型均为整型intint number;double m,

n;double

result; //变量result的类型为双精度浮点型double

既然枚举也是一种数据类型，那么它和基本数据类型一样也可以对变量进行声明。

方法一：枚举类型的定义和变量的声明分开

enum

DAY

{

MON=1, TUE, WED,

THU, FRI, SAT, SUN

};

enum

DAY

yesterday;enum

DAY today;enum DAY

tomorrow; //变量tomorrow的类型为枚举型enum DAYenum DAY

good_day, bad_day; //变量good_day和bad_day的类型均为枚举型enum DAY

方法二：类型定义与变量声明同时进行：

enum

//跟第一个定义不同的是，此处的标号DAY省略，这是允许的。{

saturday,

sunday = 0,

monday,

tuesday,

wednesday,

thursday,

friday

} workday; //变量workday的类型为枚举型enum

DAY

enum

week { Mon=1, Tue, Wed,

Thu, Fri Sat, Sun} days; //变量days的类型为枚举型enum week

enum

BOOLEAN { false,

true } end_flag, match_flag; //定义枚举类型并声明了两个枚举型变量

方法三：用typedef关键字将枚举类型定义成别名，并利用该别名进行变量声明：

typedef

enum workday

{

saturday,

sunday = 0,

monday,

tuesday,

wednesday,

thursday,

friday

} workday; //此处的workday为枚举型enum

workday的别名

workday

today, tomorrow; //变量today和tomorrow的类型为枚举型workday，也即enum

workday

enum workday中的workday可以省略：

typedef

enum{

saturday,

sunday = 0,

monday,

tuesday,

wednesday,

thursday,

friday

} workday; //此处的workday为枚举型enum

workday的别名workday today, tomorrow; //变量today和tomorrow的类型为枚举型workday，也即enum

workday

也可以用这种方式：

typedef

enum workday

{

saturday,

sunday = 0,

monday,

tuesday,

wednesday,

thursday,

friday

};

workday today, tomorrow; //变量today和tomorrow的类型为枚举型workday，也即enum

workday

注意：同一个程序中不能定义同名的枚举类型，不同的枚举类型中也不能存在同名的命名常量。错误示例如下所示：

错误声明一：存在同名的枚举类型

typedef

enum{

wednesday,

thursday,

friday

} workday;

typedef enum WEEK

{

saturday,

sunday = 0,

monday,

} workday;

错误声明二：存在同名的枚举成员

typedef

enum{

wednesday,

thursday,

friday

} workday_1;

typedef enum WEEK

{

wednesday,

sunday = 0,

monday,

} workday_2;

3.

使用枚举类型的变量

3.1 对枚举型的变量赋值。

实例将枚举类型的赋值与基本数据类型的赋值进行了对比：

方法一：先声明变量，再对变量赋值

#includeenum DAY {

MON=1, TUE, WED,

THU, FRI, SAT, SUN };void main()

{int

x, y, z;

x = 10;

y = 20;

z = 30;enum DAY

yesterday, today, tomorrow;

yesterday = MON;

today = TUE;

tomorrow = WED;

printf("%d %d %d \n", yesterday,

today, tomorrow);

}

方法二：声明变量的同时赋初值

#include

enum DAY {

MON=1, TUE, WED,

THU, FRI, SAT, SUN };void main()

{int

x=10,

y=20,

z=30;enum DAY

yesterday = MON,

today = TUE,

tomorrow = WED;

printf("%d %d %d \n", yesterday,

today, tomorrow);

}

方法三：定义类型的同时声明变量，然后对变量赋值。

#include

enum DAY {

MON=1, TUE, WED,

THU, FRI, SAT, SUN } yesterday, today, tomorrow;int x, y,

z;void main()

{x = 10; y

= 20; z

= 30;yesterday = MON;

today = TUE;

tomorrow = WED;

printf("%d %d %d \n", x, y,

z); //输出：10 20 30printf("%d %d %d

\n", yesterday, today, tomorrow); //输出：1 2

3}

方法四：类型定义，变量声明，赋初值同时进行。

#include

enum DAY

{

MON=1,

TUE,

WED,

THU,

FRI,

SAT,

SUN

}

yesterday = MON, today = TUE,

tomorrow = WED;int x

= 10, y

= 20, z

= 30;void main()

{

printf("%d %d %d \n", x, y,

z); //输出：10 20 30printf("%d %d %d

\n", yesterday, today, tomorrow); //输出：1 2

3}

3.2 对枚举型的变量赋整数值时，需要进行类型转换。

#include

enum DAY { MON=1, TUE, WED,

THU, FRI, SAT, SUN };void main()

{enum DAY yesterday, today, tomorrow;

yesterday = TUE;

today = (enum

DAY) (yesterday + 1);

//类型转换tomorrow = (enum

DAY) 30;

//类型转换//tomorrow =

3; //错误printf("%d %d %d \n", yesterday,

today, tomorrow); //输出：2 3

30}

3.3 使用枚举型变量

#includeenum{

BELL = '\a',

BACKSPACE = '\b',

HTAB = '\t',

RETURN = '\r',

NEWLINE = '\n',

VTAB = '\v',

SPACE = ' '};enum BOOLEAN { FALSE = 0, TRUE }

match_flag;void main()

{int index =

0;int count_of_letter = 0;int count_of_space = 0;char str[] =

"I'm Ely efod";

match_flag =

FALSE;for(; str[index] != '\0';

index++)if(

SPACE != str[index] )

count_of_letter++;else{

match_flag =

(enum BOOLEAN) 1;

count_of_space++;

}

printf("%s %d times %c",

match_flag ?

"match"

: "not

match", count_of_space, NEWLINE);

printf("count of letters: %d %c%c",

count_of_letter, NEWLINE, RETURN);

}

输出：

match 2 times

count of letters: 10

Press any key to continue

4.

枚举类型与sizeof运算符

#include

enum escapes

{

BELL = '\a',

BACKSPACE = '\b',

HTAB = '\t',

RETURN = '\r',

NEWLINE = '\n',

VTAB = '\v',

SPACE = ' '};enum BOOLEAN { FALSE = 0, TRUE }

match_flag;void main()

{

printf("%d bytes \n",

sizeof(enum

escapes)); //4

bytesprintf("%d bytes

\n", sizeof(escapes)); //4

bytesprintf("%d bytes \n",

sizeof(enum

BOOLEAN)); //4

bytesprintf("%d bytes

\n", sizeof(BOOLEAN)); //4

bytesprintf("%d bytes

\n", sizeof(match_flag)); //4

bytesprintf("%d bytes \n",

sizeof(SPACE)); //4

bytesprintf("%d bytes

\n", sizeof(NEWLINE)); //4

bytesprintf("%d bytes

\n", sizeof(FALSE)); //4

bytesprintf("%d bytes

\n", sizeof(0));

//4 bytes}

5.

综合举例

#includeenum Season

{

spring, summer=100,

fall=96,

winter

};

typedef enum{

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday,

Sunday

}

Weekday;void main()

{printf("%d \n",

spring); // 0printf("%d, %c

\n", summer, summer); // 100,

dprintf("%d

\n", fall+winter); // 193Season mySeason=winter;if(winter==mySeason)

printf("mySeason is winter \n");

// mySeason is winterint x=100;if(x==summer)

printf("x is equal to summer\n");

// x is equal to summerprintf("%d bytes\n",

sizeof(spring)); // 4

bytesprintf("sizeof Weekday is: %d \n",

sizeof(Weekday)); //sizeof

Weekday is: 4Weekday today =

Saturday;

Weekday tomorrow;if(today == Monday)

tomorrow = Tuesday;elsetomorrow = (Weekday) (today + 1);

//remember to convert from int to

Weekday}