python调用库有波浪线,Anaconda / Python站点打包名称中带有波浪号的子文件夹-它们是什么？...

Today, I went to change the config of matplotlib. Searching matplotlibrc revealed I have two of them:

Looking at the site-packages folder, I found a lot of packages have a tilde in their name:

~klearn is sklearn , but there is another sklearn .

~atplotlib is matplotlib too, changed date is 2018-11

~-tplotlib's changed date is 2019-3.15

matplotlib's changed date is 2019-3.28 (I did update matplotlib recently)

What are these tilde name packages used for? Can I delete them safely?

解决方案

Is it possible that you installed those particular packages with pip? If so, then the mangled directories are probably the temporary directories that pip creates when it uninstalls a package (or when it uninstalls a package in preparation for updating a package).

I dug through the pip source code and found this snippet which is evidently only used on uninstalling packages:

class AdjacentTempDirectory(TempDirectory):

"""Helper class that creates a temporary directory adjacent to a real one.

Attributes:

original

The original directory to create a temp directory for.

path

After calling create() or entering, contains the full

path to the temporary directory.

delete

Whether the directory should be deleted when exiting

(when used as a contextmanager)

"""

# The characters that may be used to name the temp directory

# We always prepend a ~ and then rotate through these until

# a usable name is found.

# pkg_resources raises a different error for .dist-info folder

# with leading '-' and invalid metadata

LEADING_CHARS = "-~.=%0123456789"

...

If that's what these files are, then you can safely delete them.