一、移植环境
主 机:VMWare--Fedora 9
开发板:Mini2440--64MB Nand,Kernel:2.6.30.4
编译器:arm-linux-gcc-4.3.2.tgz
u-boot:u-boot-2009.08.tar.bz2
二、移植步骤
4)准备进入u-boot的第二阶段(在u-boot中添加对我们开发板上Nor Flash的支持)。通常,在嵌入式bootloader中,有两种方式来引导启动内核:从Nor Flash启动和从Nand Flash启动。u-boot中默认是从Nor Flash启动,再从上一节这个运行结果图中看,还发现几个问题:第一,我开发板的Nor Flash是2M的,而这里显示的是512kB;第二,出现Warning - bad CRC, using default environment的警告信息。不是u-boot默认是从Nor Flash启动的吗?为什么会有这些错误信息呢?这是因为我们还没有添加对我们自己的Nor Flash的支持,u-boot默认的是其他型号的Nor Flash,而我们的Nor Flash的型号是SST39VF1601。另外怎样将命令行提示符前面的SMDK2410变成我自己定义的呢?
下面我们一一来解决这些问题,让u-boot完全对我们Nor Flash的支持。首先我们修改头文件代码如下:
#geditinclude/configs/my2440.h//修改命令行前的名字和Nor Flash参数部分的定义
#define CONFIG_SYS_PROMPT "[MY2440]#" //将命令行前的名字改成[MY2440]
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
* FLASH and environment organization
*/
#if 0//注释掉下面两个类型的Nor Flash设置,因为不是我们所使用的型号
#define CONFIG_AMD_LV400 1 /* uncomment this if you have a LV400 flash */
#defineCONFIG_AMD_LV800 1 /* uncomment this if you have a LV800 flash */
#endif
#defineCONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_BANKS 1 /* max number of memory banks */
#ifdef CONFIG_AMD_LV800
#definePHYS_FLASH_SIZE 0x00100000 /* 1MB */
#defineCONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT (19)/* max number of sectors on one chip */
#define CONFIG_ENV_ADDR (CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE + 0x0F0000) /* addr of environment */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_AMD_LV400
#define PHYS_FLASH_SIZE 0x00080000 /* 512KB */
#define CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT (11) /* max number of sectors on one chip */
#define CONFIG_ENV_ADDR (CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE + 0x070000) /* addr of environment */
#endif
#define CONFIG_SST_39VF1601 1//添加mini2440开发板Nor Flash设置
#define PHYS_FLASH_SIZE 0x200000 //我们开发板的Nor Flash是2M
#define CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT (512) //根据SST39VF1601的芯片手册描述,对其进行操作有两种方式:块方式和扇区方式。现采用扇区方式(sector),1 sector = 2Kword = 4Kbyte,所以2M的Nor Flash共有512个sector
#define CONFIG_ENV_ADDR (CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE + 0x040000) //暂设置环境变量的首地址为0x040000(即:256Kb)
然后添加对我们mini2440开发板上2M的Nor Flash(型号为SST39VF1601)的支持。在u-boot中对Nor Flash的操作分别有初始化、擦除和写入,所以我们主要修改与硬件密切相关的三个函数flash_init、flash_erase、write_hword,修改代码如下:
#geditboard/samsung/my2440/flash.c
//修改定义部分如下:
//#define MAIN_SECT_SIZE 0x10000
#define MAIN_SECT_SIZE 0x1000 //定义为4k,刚好是一个扇区的大小//#define MEM_FLASH_ADDR1 (*(volatile u16 *)(CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE + (0x00000555 << 1)))//#define MEM_FLASH_ADDR2 (*(volatile u16 *)(CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE + (0x000002AA << 1)))
#define MEM_FLASH_ADDR1 (*(volatile u16 *)(CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE + (0x00005555 << 1))) //这两个参数看SST39VF1601手册#define MEM_FLASH_ADDR2 (*(volatileu16 *)(CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE + (0x00002AAA << 1)))
//修改flash_init函数如下:
#elif defined(CONFIG_AMD_LV800)
(AMD_MANUFACT & FLASH_VENDMASK) |
(AMD_ID_LV800B & FLASH_TYPEMASK);
#elif defined(CONFIG_SST_39VF1601)//在CONFIG_AMD_LV800后面添加CONFIG_SST_39VF1601(SST_MANUFACT & FLASH_VENDMASK) |
(SST_ID_xF1601 & FLASH_TYPEMASK);for (j = 0; j < flash_info[i].sector_count; j++) {//if (j <= 3) {// /* 1st one is 16 KB */// if (j == 0) {// flash_info[i].start[j] =flashbase + 0;// }// /* 2nd and 3rd are both 8 KB */// if ((j == 1) || (j == 2)) {// flash_info[i].start[j] =flashbase + 0x4000 + (j -1) *0x2000;// }// /* 4th 32 KB */// if (j == 3) {// flash_info[i].start[j] =flashbase + 0x8000;// }//} else {// flash_info[i].start[j] =flashbase + (j - 3) * MAIN_SECT_SIZE;//}
flash_info[i].start[j] = flashbase + j * MAIN_SECT_SIZE;}
//修改flash_print_info函数如下:
case (AMD_MANUFACT & FLASH_VENDMASK):
printf ("AMD: ");
break;
case (SST_MANUFACT & FLASH_VENDMASK)://添加SST39VF1601的
printf ("SST: ");
break;
case (AMD_ID_LV800B & FLASH_TYPEMASK):
printf ("1x Amd29LV800BB (8Mbit)\n");
break;
case (SST_ID_xF1601 & FLASH_TYPEMASK)://添加SST39VF1601的
printf ("1x SST39VF1610 (16Mbit)\n");
break;
//修改flash_erase函数如下://if ((info->flash_id & FLASH_VENDMASK) !=// (AMD_MANUFACT & FLASH_VENDMASK)) {// return ERR_UNKNOWN_FLASH_VENDOR;//}
if ((info->flash_id & FLASH_VENDMASK) !=(SST_MANUFACT & FLASH_VENDMASK)) {
return ERR_UNKNOWN_FLASH_VENDOR;
}///* wait until flash is ready *///chip = 0;//do {// result = *addr;// /* check timeout */// if (get_timer_masked () >// CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_ERASE_TOUT) {// MEM_FLASH_ADDR1 = CMD_READ_ARRAY;// chip = TMO;// break;// }// if (!chip// && (result & 0xFFFF) & BIT_ERASE_DONE)// chip = READY;// if (!chip// && (result & 0xFFFF) & BIT_PROGRAM_ERROR)// chip = ERR;//} while (!chip);//MEM_FLASH_ADDR1 = CMD_READ_ARRAY;//if (chip == ERR) {// rc = ERR_PROG_ERROR;// goto outahere;//}//if (chip == TMO) {// rc = ERR_TIMOUT;// goto outahere;//}
while (1){
if ((*addr & 0x40) != (*addr & 0x40))
continue;
if (*addr & 0x80)
{
rc = ERR_OK;
break;
}
}
//修改write_hword函数如下:
MEM_FLASH_ADDR1 = CMD_UNLOCK1;
MEM_FLASH_ADDR2 = CMD_UNLOCK2;//MEM_FLASH_ADDR1 = CMD_UNLOCK_BYPASS;
MEM_FLASH_ADDR1 = CMD_PROGRAM;//*addr = CMD_PROGRAM;
*addr = data;///* wait until flash is ready *///chip = 0;//do {// result = *addr;// /* check timeout */// if (get_timer_masked () > CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_ERASE_TOUT) {// chip = ERR | TMO;// break;// }// if (!chip && ((result & 0x80) == (data & 0x80)))// chip = READY;// if (!chip && ((result & 0xFFFF) & BIT_PROGRAM_ERROR)) {// result = *addr;// if ((result & 0x80) == (data & 0x80))// chip = READY;// else// chip = ERR;// }//} while (!chip);//*addr = CMD_READ_ARRAY;//if (chip == ERR || *addr != data)// rc = ERR_PROG_ERROR;
while (1){
if ((*addr & 0x40) != (*addr & 0x40))
continue;
if ((*addr & 0x80) == (data & 0x80))
{
rc = ERR_OK;
break;
}}
修改完后重新编译u-boot,下载到RAM中运行结果如下图:
从运行结果图看,Nor Flash的大小可以正确检测到了,命令行前面的名字也由原来的SMDK2410改成我自己定义的[MY2440]了,但是还会出现bad CRC的警告信息,其实这并不是什么问题,只是还没有将环境变量设置到Nor Flash中,我们执行一下u-boot的:saveenv命令就可以了。如下图:
再重新下载u-boot.bin文件到RAM中运行,可以观察到不会出现警告信息了,这时候u-boot已经对我们开发板上的Nor Flash完全支持了。如下: