要求:
1. 两台web服务器安装wordpress,数据库通过nfs共享
2. 使用keepalived实现双主模型
环境:
主机:
系统:CentOS6.7 x64
1. node1: 192.168.2.11 node2: 192.168.2.12 vip: 192.168.2.200
service iptables stop
selinux: disabled
一、两台主机分别配置lamp架构,并使用nfs实现数据库共享
[root@node1 ~]# yum install nfs-utils httpd php php-mysql mysql-server -y # yum安装软件包
[root@node1~]# mkdir -pv /mydata/{web,data} # 创建共享web程序和数据库目录
mkdir: 已创建目录"/mydata"mkdir: 已创建目录"/mydata/web"mkdir: 已创建目录"/mydata/data"[root@node1~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data/[root@node1~]# chown -R apache:apache /mydata/web/[root@node1~]# vim /etc/exports/mydata *(rw,no_root_squash)
[root@node1~]# service nfs start
启动 NFS 服务: [确定]
关掉 NFS 配额: [确定]
启动 NFS mountd: [确定]
正在启动 RPC idmapd: [确定]
正在启动 RPC idmapd: [确定]
启动 NFS 守护进程: [确定]
[root@node1~]# showmount -e 192.168.2.11Export listfor 192.168.2.11:/mydata *
[root@node2 ~]# mkdir /mydata
[root@node2~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.2.11:/mydata/ /mydata/[root@node2~]# vim /etc/fstab
# 插入如下规则192.168.2.11:/mydata /mydata nfs defaults 0 0
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
datadir=/mydata/data # 修改mysql数据存放目录
[root@node2~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
datadir=/mydata/data # 修改mysql数据存放目录
[root@node1~]# service mysqld start # 启动数据库
[root@node1~]# ls /mydata/data/# 确认是否生成数据
ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql test
[root@node2~]# service mysqld start # 第一次读取共享可能会慢点
[root@node1~]#wget http://download.comsenz.com/DiscuzX/3.2/Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip # 下载discuz web程序
[root@node1 ~]# unzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip
[root@node1~]# cp -a upload/*/mydata/web/ # 将web程序复制到nfs共享目录
[root@node1 ~]# chown -R apache:apache /mydata/web/ # 给与apache的执行权限
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf # 修改apache配置文件
# 修改如下参数
行号
276 ServerName localhost:80
292 DocumentRoot "/mydata/web/"
317
[root@node1 ~]# service httpd start
[root@node1 ~]# scp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf node2:/etc/httpd/conf/ # 将配置文件拷贝至node2服务器
[root@node2 ~]# service httpd start
[root@node1 ~]# mysql # 创建web程序的数据库
mysql> CREATE DATABASE ultrax;
mysql> GRANT ALL ON ultrax.* TO 'ultrax'@127.0.0.1 IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> Bye
# node1 创建了库,node2最好重启下mysql
[root@node2 ~]# service mysqld restart
通过浏览器安装web程序
node1: 192.168.2.11
node2: 192.168.2.12
二、通过keepalived实现主备模式
[root@node1 ~]# yum install keepalived -y
[root@node1~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
# 全部内容如下! Configuration File forkeepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from root@localhost
smtp_server127.0.0.1smtp_connect_timeout30router_id nodeA
}
vrrp_script chk_httpd {
script"/etc/keepalived/bash/chk_httpd.sh"interval5weight-10}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTERinterfaceeth0
virtual_router_id51priority100advert_int1authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass1111}
track_script {
chk_httpd
}
virtual_ipaddress {192.168.2.200/24}
}
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /etc/keepalived/bash # 创建检查脚本存放目录
[root@node1~]# vim /etc/keepalived/bash/chk_httpd.sh # 编写检查脚本
# 使用该脚本必须有wget命令,如没有请执行:yum install wget-y
#!/bin/bash
pidfile=/var/lock/subsys/`basename $0`.pidif [ -f $pidfile ] && [ -e /proc/`cat $pidfile` ] ; then
exit1fi
trap"rm -rf $pidfile ; exit 0" 1 2 3 15echo $$>$pidfile
maxfails=3fails=0success=0
while [ 1]do
/usr/bin/wget --timeout=3 --tries=1 http://192.168.2.11/ -q -O /dev/null && ping -c1 192.168.2.1 &> /dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0] ; then
let fails=$[$fails+1]
success=0
elsefails=0let success=$[$success+1]
fiif [ $fails -ge $maxfails ] ; then
fails=0success=0#check keepalivedis running ? tryto stop it/etc/init.d/keepalived status |grep 正在运行if [ $? -eq 0] ; then/usr/bin/logger -is "local service fails $maxfails times ... try to stop keepalived."
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop 2>&1 | /usr/bin/logger
fi
fiif [ $success -gt $maxfails ] ; then
#check keepalivedis stopped ? tryto start it/etc/init.d/keepalived status |grep 已停 # 脚本中这里要注意,如果系统是英文安装的为 grep stopped 如果是中文为 grep 已停if [ $? -eq 0] ; then/usr/bin/logger -is "service changes normal, try to start keepalived ."
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
fi
success=0fi
sleep3done
[root@node1~]# chmod +x /etc/keepalived/bash/chk_httpd.sh
[root@node1~]# cd /etc/keepalived/bash/[root@node1 bash]# sh-x chk_httpd.sh # 调试脚本,让脚本来启动keepalived 这样就做到了检查脚本的目的
[root@node1 bash]# ps uaxfww| grep keepalived | grep -v grep
root26552 0.0 0.1 109656 1112 ? Ss 22:35 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root26555 0.0 0.2 111760 2776 ? S 22:35 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root26556 0.0 0.2 111760 2128 ? S 22:35 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root26569 0.0 0.1 106092 1284 ? S 22:35 0:00 /bin/bash /etc/keepalived/bash/chk_httpd.sh
node2 安装keepalived及配置
[root@node2 ~]# yum install keepalived -y
[root@node1~]# scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf node2:/etc/keepalived/#直接使用node1的配置文件覆盖并修改
[root@node1~]# scp -r /etc/keepalived/bash node2:/etc/keepalived/# 将检查脚本也直接复制过去,不过需要修改,切记!
[root@node2~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf! Configuration File forkeepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from root@localhost
smtp_server127.0.0.1smtp_connect_timeout30router_id nodeB
}
vrrp_script chk_httpd {
script"/etc/keepalived/bash/chk_httpd.sh"interval5weight-10}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUPinterfaceeth0
virtual_router_id51priority99advert_int1authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass1111}
track_script {
chk_httpd
}
virtual_ipaddress {192.168.2.200/24}
}
[root@node2 bash]# vim chk_httpd.sh
# 修改如下一行代码16 /usr/bin/wget --timeout=3 --tries=1 http://192.168.2.12/ -q -O /dev/null && ping -c1 192.168.2.1 &> /dev/null
[root@node2 bash]# ps auxfww| grep keepalived | grep -v grep
root3442 0.0 0.2 110276 1380 ? Ss 02:18 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root3444 0.0 0.6 112380 2980 ? S 02:18 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root3446 0.0 0.4 112380 2192 ? S 02:18 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root3454 0.0 0.2 106064 1420 ? S 02:18 0:00 /bin/bash /etc/keepalived/bash/chk_httpd.sh
三、测试
node1:
[root@node1~]# ip a
inet192.168.2.11/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope globaleth0
inet192.168.2.200/24 scope global secondary eth0
[root@node1 ~]# service httpd stop # 停止node1的web服务
node2:
[root@node2 bash]# ip a
inet192.168.2.12/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope globaleth0
inet192.168.2.200/24 scope global secondary eth0
测试成功。
四、练习小结:
该服务器架构仅仅只是用来测试,这里存在很多问题:
1. 如果node1节点down掉了,nfs共享也就断掉了
2. keepalived也只是仅仅对http做了检测,如果mysql服务down掉,是无法进行主备切换的。
经过调整,可以使用如下架构: