Django初步使用Celery

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Django初步使用Celery

1、Celery方式的选择

这里Celery的中间人，我采用Redis。也可以用Django自身和mongodb等。Celery的中间人你可以理解为在Celery执行过程中的数据支持。保存列队记录、执行记录等等。安装Redis，可参考Redis在CentOS和Windows安装过程。

安装redis

brew install redis

安装celery-with-redis，执行命令：

pip install celery-with-redis

该命令会自动安装redis(python库)、celery、kombu、billiard、amqp、vine和celery-with-redis相关库。注意，这里pip安装的redis是python操作redis的库，非redis数据库。redis数据库需要独立安装。

2、Django加入Celery

打开settings.py所在的文件夹，新建celery.py文件。加入如下代码

from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals

from celery import Celery
from django.conf import settings
from os import path, environ

project_name = path.split(path.dirname(__file__))[-1]  # okr_manage
project_settings = "{}.settings".format(project_name)
# 设置环境变量
environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", project_settings)

# 实例化Celery
app = Celery(project_name)

# 使用django的settings文件配置celery
app.config_from_object("django.conf:settings", namespace='CELERY')

# Celery加载所有注册的应用
app.autodiscover_tasks(lambda: settings.INSTALLED_APPS)


@app.task(bind=True)
def debug_task(self):
    print("Request: {0!r}".format(self.request))

还需在settings.py中设置celery，尤其是中间人的设置。若不设置中间人，会提示无法连接中间人的错误。在settings.py文件中添加如下设置：

#celery settings
#celery中间人 redis://redis服务所在的ip地址:端口/数据库号
BROKER_URL = "redis://localhost:6379/"
#celery结果返回，可用于跟踪结果
CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'redis://localhost:6379/0'
 
#celery内容等消息的格式设置
CELERY_ACCEPT_CONTENT = ['application/json',]
CELERY_TASK_SERIALIZER = 'json'
CELERY_RESULT_SERIALIZER = 'json'
 
#celery时区设置，使用settings中TIME_ZONE同样的时区
CELERY_TIMEZONE = TIME_ZONE

3、把耗时任务丢给celery处理(在app文件夹中新建tasks.py文件)

from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals

import logging
from time import sleep

import requests
from celery import shared_task

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


@shared_task
def send(email):
    print("start send email to %s" % email)
    time.sleep(5) #休息5秒
    print("success")
    return True

view中调用即可:

#coding:utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
 
from .models import Blog
from .tasks import sendmail #引用tasks.py文件的中sendmail方法
import json
 
def home(request):
    #耗时任务，发送邮件（用delay执行方法）
    sendmail.delay("test@test.com")
 
    #其他行为
    data = list(Blog.objects.values('caption'))
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data), content_type = 'application/json')

4、本地启动celery并测试

启动celery之前，确保已经安装redis和启动redis服务.然后启动celery worker

Celery -A myproject worker -l info

注意:

可能会出现以下很麻烦的问题.备注以下解决方案:

celery -A okr_manage worker -l info  无任何反应

问题是原来是async名称更换了.开发人员已经处理了这个issue，合并了master，快速的解决方案是通过github安装celery，命令如下：

pip install --upgrade https://github.com/celery/celery/tarball/master

5、django中记录celery的日志

settings中设置日志handler:

LOGGING = {
    "version": 1,
    "disable_existing_loggers": True,
    "formatters": {
        "standard": {
            "format": "%(asctime)s [%(threadName)s:%(thread)d] [%(name)s:%(lineno)d] [%(module)s:%(funcName)s] "
                      "[%(levelname)s]- %(message)s"
        }
    },
    "filters": {},
    "handlers": {
        "mail_admins": {
            "level": "ERROR",
            "class": "django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler",
            "include_html": True,
        },
        "default": {
            "level": "DEBUG",
            "class": "logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler",
            "filename": mk_log_path("all.log"),
            "maxBytes": 1024 * 1024 * 5,
            "backupCount": 5,
            "formatter": "standard",
        },
        "error": {
            "level": "ERROR",
            "class": "logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler",
            "filename": mk_log_path("error.log"),
            "maxBytes": 1024 * 1024 * 5,
            "backupCount": 5,
            "formatter": "standard",
        },
        "console": {
            "level": "INFO",
            "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
            "formatter": "standard",
        },
        "request_handler": {
            "level": "DEBUG",
            "class": "logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler",
            "filename": mk_log_path("script.log"),
            "maxBytes": 1024 * 1024 * 5,
            "backupCount": 5,
            "formatter": "standard",
        },
        "script_handler": {
            "level": "DEBUG",
            "class": "logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler",
            "filename": mk_log_path("script.log"),
            "maxBytes": 1024 * 1024 * 5,
            "backupCount": 5,
            "formatter": "standard",
        },
        "celery_logger" {
            "level": "DEBUG",
            "filters": None,
            "class": "logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler",
            "filename": mk_log_path("celery.log"),
            "maxBytes": 1024 * 1024 * 5,
            "backupCount": 2,
            "formatter": "standard"
        },
        "celery_task_logger": {
            "level": "DEBUG",
            "filters": None,
            "class": "logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler",
            "filename": mk_log_path("celery_tasks.log"),
            "maxBytes": 1024 * 1024 * 5,
            "backupCount": 2,
            "formatter": "standard"
        },
    },
    "loggers": {
        "django": {
            "handlers": ["default", "console"],
            "level": "DEBUG",
            "propagate": False,
        },
        "django.request": {
            "handlers": ["request_handler"],
            "level": "DEBUG",
            "propagate": False,
        },
        "scripts": {
            "handlers": ["script_handler"],
            "level": "INFO",
            "propagate": False,
        },
        # 下面是要用到的py文件.
        "okr.views": {
            "handlers": ["default", "error", "console", "request_handler", "script_handler"],
            "level": "INFO",
            "propagate": True,
        },
        "tool_site.views": {
            "handlers": ["default", "error", "console", "request_handler", "script_handler"],
            "level": "INFO",
            "propagate": True,
        },
        "okr.models": {
            "handlers": ["default", "error", "console", "request_handler", "script_handler"],
            "level": "INFO",
            "propagate": True,
        },

        "okr.okr_middleware": {
            "handlers": ["default", "error", "console", "request_handler", "script_handler"],
            "level": "INFO",
            "propagate": True,
        },
        "handler.personal": {
            "handlers": ["default", "error", "console", "request_handler", "script_handler"],
            "level": "INFO",
            "propagate": True,
        },
        "handler.tpo_tools": {
            "handlers": ["default", "error", "console", "request_handler", "script_handler"],
            "level": "INFO",
            "propagate": True,
        },
        "handler.auto_view": {
            "handlers": ["default", "error", "console", "request_handler", "script_handler"],
            "level": "INFO",
            "propagate": True,
        },
        "mock.views": {
            "handlers": ["default", "error", "console", "request_handler", "script_handler"],
            "level": "INFO",
            "propagate": True,
        },
        "tools_site.views": {
            "handlers": ["default", "error", "console", "request_handler", "script_handler"],
            "level": "INFO",
            "propagate": True,
        },
        "tools.utils": {
            "handlers": ["default", "error", "console", "request_handler", "script_handler"],
            "level": "INFO",
            "propagate": True,
        },
        "tool_site.tasks": {
            "handlers": ["celery_task_logger"],
            "level": "INFO",
            "propagate": True,
        },
        "celery": {
            "handlers": ["celery_logger"],
            "level": "INFO",
            "propagate": True,
        },
    },
}

tasks.py

from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
from celery import shared_task
from celery.utils.log import get_task_logger

logger = get_task_logger(__name__)


@shared_task
def send(username, uri, query_data, count=100):
    try:
        logger.info("push success")
        return "push success"
    except Exception as e:
        logger.exception(e)
        return "push failed"

celery中使用多进程

在celery中不可以使用 from multiprocessing import Process. 因为celery自己已经封装了一个.使用 from billiard.context import Process即可

from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals


from time import sleep

import requests
from billiard.context import Process
from celery import shared_task
from celery.utils.log import get_task_logger

from tool_site.models import PushInfo

logger = get_task_logger(__name__)


def push(url, pk):
    resp = requests.post(url)
    PushInfo.objects.write_info(pk=pk, second=resp.elapsed.total_seconds(), code=resp.status_code)


@shared_task
def send(p_id, uri, query_data, count=100):
    try:
        PushInfo.objects.start_push(pk=p_id)

        for i, v in enumerate(query_data):
            url = "{}?json={}".format(uri, v)
            p = Process(target=push, args=(url, p_id))
            p.start()
            p.join()
            if not (i + 1) % int(count):
                logger.info("sleep:1S".format(i + 1))
                sleep(1)

        PushInfo.objects.finish(pk=p_id)
        logger.info("push success")
        return "push success"
    except Exception as e:
        logger.exception(e)
        return "push failed"