声学模型训练----Acoustic Modeling

General Framework for AM：

Building ASR system incrementally
Context-independent ➔ Context-dependent modeling 上下文无关文本➔上下文相关模型
Mono-phone ➔ Tri-phone HMM  单音素➔三音素
Single Gaussian mixture per state ➔ Multiple Gaussian mixtures per state 单高斯➔混合高斯

Data Preparation：

Acoustic Unit Selection：

Criteria
Accurate: accurately represent the acoustic realization that appears in different contexts
Trainable: have enough data to estimate the parameters of the unit
Generalizable: any new word can be derived from a predefined unit inventory for task-independent speech recognition

标准
准确性：准确地表示出现在不同上下文中的声学实现
可训练的：有足够的数据估计参数
可概括的：可以从任务无关语音识别的预定单位清单中导出任何新单词

Units available

• Word
• Syllable  音节
• Initial/Final (Chinese-specific)
• Phoneme   音素