Android网络编程HttpClient和HttpUrlConnection

1.HttpClient
Android SDK中包含了HttpClient，但Android6.0版本直接删除了HttpClient类库
eclipse： 在libs中加入org.apache.http.legacy.jar
android studio： 在相应的module下的build.gradle中加入：

  android {
      useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'
        }

HttpClient的使用
1 首先我们来用DefaultHttpClient类来实例化一个HttpClient，并配置好默认的请求参数：

//创建HttpClient
    private HttpClient createHttpClient() {
        HttpParams mDefaultHttpParams = new BasicHttpParams();
        //设置连接超时
        HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(mDefaultHttpParams, 15000);
        //设置请求超时
        HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(mDefaultHttpParams, 15000);
        HttpConnectionParams.setTcpNoDelay(mDefaultHttpParams, true);
        HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(mDefaultHttpParams, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
        HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(mDefaultHttpParams, HTTP.UTF_8);
        //持续握手
        HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(mDefaultHttpParams, true);
        HttpClient mHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(mDefaultHttpParams);
        return mHttpClient;
    }

2 接下来创建HttpGet和HttpClient，请求网络并得到HttpResponse，并对HttpResponse进行处理：

//GET请求

private void useHttpClientGet(String url) {
        HttpGet mHttpGet = new HttpGet(url);
        mHttpGet.addHeader("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
        try {
            HttpClient mHttpClient = createHttpClient();
            HttpResponse mHttpResponse = mHttpClient.execute(mHttpGet);
            HttpEntity mHttpEntity = mHttpResponse.getEntity();
            int code = mHttpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            if (null != mHttpEntity) {
                InputStream mInputStream = mHttpEntity.getContent();
                String respose = converStreamToString(mInputStream);
                Log.i("wangshu", "请求状态码:" + code + "\n请求结果:\n" + respose);
                mInputStream.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

3 converStreamToString方法将请求结果转换成String类型：

private String converStreamToString(InputStream is) throws IOException {
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        String line = null;
        while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
            sb.append(line + "\n");
        }
        String respose = sb.toString();
        return respose;
    }

4 最后我们开启线程访问百度：

new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                useHttpClientGet("http://www.baidu.com");
            }
        }).start();

post请求和get类似就是需要配置要传递的参数：

//POST请求

private void useHttpClientPost(String url) {
        HttpPost mHttpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        mHttpPost.addHeader("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
        try {
            HttpClient mHttpClient = createHttpClient();
            List<NameValuePair> postParams = new ArrayList<>();
            //要传递的参数
            postParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "moon"));
            postParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123"));
            mHttpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(postParams));
            HttpResponse mHttpResponse = mHttpClient.execute(mHttpPost);
            HttpEntity mHttpEntity = mHttpResponse.getEntity();
            int code = mHttpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            if (null != mHttpEntity) {
                InputStream mInputStream = mHttpEntity.getContent();
                String respose = converStreamToString(mInputStream);
                Log.i("wangshu", "请求状态码:" + code + "\n请求结果:\n" + respose);
                mInputStream.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

HttpURLConnection的使用
Android 2.2版本之前，HttpURLConnection一直存在着一些令人厌烦的bug。比如说对一个可读的InputStream调用close()方法时，就有可能会导致连接池失效了。那么我们通常的解决办法就是直接禁用掉连接池的功能：

private void disableConnectionReuseIfNecessary() {
      // 这是一个2.2版本之前的bug
      if (Integer.parseInt(Build.VERSION.SDK) < Build.VERSION_CODES.FROYO) {
            System.setProperty("http.keepAlive", "false");
      }
}

所以在Android 2.2版本以及之前的版本使用HttpClient是较好的选择，而在Android 2.3版本及以后，HttpURLConnection则是最佳的选择，它的API简单，体积较小，因而非常适用于Android项目。压缩和缓存机制可以有效地减少网络访问的流量，在提升速度和省电方面也起到了较大的作用。另外在Android 6.0版本中，HttpClient库被移除了，HttpURLConnection则是以后我们唯一的选择。
HttpURLConnection的POST请求
因为会了HttpURLConnection的POST请求那GET请求也就会了，所以我这里只举出POST的例子
首先我们创建一个UrlConnManager类，然后里面提供getHttpURLConnection()方法用于配置默认的参数并返回HttpURLConnection：

public static HttpURLConnection getHttpURLConnection(String url){
        HttpURLConnection mHttpURLConnection=null;
        try {
            URL mUrl=new URL(url);
            mHttpURLConnection=(HttpURLConnection)mUrl.openConnection();
            //设置链接超时时间
            mHttpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(15000);
            //设置读取超时时间
            mHttpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(15000);
            //设置请求参数
            mHttpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
            //添加Header
            mHttpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Connection","Keep-Alive");
            //接收输入流
            mHttpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);
            //传递参数时需要开启
            mHttpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return mHttpURLConnection ;
    }

因为我们要发送POST请求，所以在UrlConnManager类中再写一个postParams()方法用来组织一下请求参数并将请求参数写入到输出流中：

public static void postParams(OutputStream output,List<NameValuePair>paramsList) throws IOException{
      StringBuilder mStringBuilder=new StringBuilder();
      for (NameValuePair pair:paramsList){
          if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(mStringBuilder)){
              mStringBuilder.append("&");
          }
          mStringBuilder.append(URLEncoder.encode(pair.getName(),"UTF-8"));
          mStringBuilder.append("=");
          mStringBuilder.append(URLEncoder.encode(pair.getValue(),"UTF-8"));
      }
      BufferedWriter writer=new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(output,"UTF-8"));
      writer.write(mStringBuilder.toString());
      writer.flush();
      writer.close();
  }

接下来我们添加请求参数，调用postParams()方法将请求的参数组织好传给HttpURLConnection的输出流，请求连接并处理返回的结果：

private void useHttpUrlConnectionPost(String url) {
        InputStream mInputStream = null;
        HttpURLConnection mHttpURLConnection = UrlConnManager.getHttpURLConnection(url);
        try {
            List<NameValuePair> postParams = new ArrayList<>();
            //要传递的参数
            postParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "moon"));
            postParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123"));
            UrlConnManager.postParams(mHttpURLConnection.getOutputStream(), postParams);
            mHttpURLConnection.connect();
            mInputStream = mHttpURLConnection.getInputStream();
            int code = mHttpURLConnection.getResponseCode();
            String respose = converStreamToString(mInputStream);
            Log.i("wangshu", "请求状态码:" + code + "\n请求结果:\n" + respose);
            mInputStream.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

最后开启线程请求网络：

private void useHttpUrlConnectionGetThread() {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                useHttpUrlConnectionPost("http://www.baidu.com");
            }
        }).start();
    }