加密算法
一、简介
数字签名用于验证消息发送者的身份,确保其他人无法伪造身份。
二、原理
数字签名基于非对称加密算法,利用只有拥有者才有私钥的特性(这可以标识身份)进行的。
1、数字签名的生成
对发送内容先生成有限长度的摘要,再使用私钥进行加密,进而生成数字签名。
2、数字签名验证
用公钥对数字签名进行解密获取加密内容(其实也就是摘要),再用与发送方相同的摘要算法对发送内空生成摘要,
再将这两者进行比较,若相等,则验证成功,否则失败。
三、代码实例
在此使用java自带的数字签名api进行演示,包括MD5withRSA和SHA1withRSA两种方式,签名使用base64编码。
public class DigitalSignatureMain {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String content = "study hard and make progress everyday";
System.out.println("content :"+content);
KeyPair keyPair = getKeyPair();
PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
PrivateKey privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
String md5Sign = getMd5Sign(content,privateKey);
System.out.println("sign with md5 and rsa :"+ md5Sign);
boolean md5Verifty = verifyWhenMd5Sign(content,md5Sign,publicKey);
System.out.println("verify sign with md5 and rsa :"+ md5Verifty);
String sha1Sign = getSha1Sign(content,privateKey);
System.out.println("sign with sha1 and rsa :"+ sha1Sign);
boolean sha1Verifty = verifyWhenSha1Sign(content,sha1Sign,publicKey);
System.out.println("verify sign with sha1 and rsa :"+ sha1Verifty);
}
//生成密钥对
static KeyPair getKeyPair() throws Exception {
KeyPairGenerator keyGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
keyGen.initialize(512); //可以理解为:加密后的密文长度,实际原文要小些 越大 加密解密越慢
KeyPair keyPair = keyGen.generateKeyPair();
return keyPair;
}
//用md5生成内容摘要,再用RSA的私钥加密,进而生成数字签名
static String getMd5Sign(String content , PrivateKey privateKey) throws Exception {
byte[] contentBytes = content.getBytes("utf-8");
Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("MD5withRSA");
signature.initSign(privateKey);
signature.update(contentBytes);
byte[] signs = signature.sign();
return Base64.encodeBase64String(signs);
}
//对用md5和RSA私钥生成的数字签名进行验证
static boolean verifyWhenMd5Sign(String content, String sign, PublicKey publicKey) throws Exception {
byte[] contentBytes = content.getBytes("utf-8");
Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("MD5withRSA");
signature.initVerify(publicKey);
signature.update(contentBytes);
return signature.verify(Base64.decodeBase64(sign));
}
//用sha1生成内容摘要,再用RSA的私钥加密,进而生成数字签名
static String getSha1Sign(String content , PrivateKey privateKey) throws Exception {
byte[] contentBytes = content.getBytes("utf-8");
Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA1withRSA");
signature.initSign(privateKey);
signature.update(contentBytes);
byte[] signs = signature.sign();
return Base64.encodeBase64String(signs);
}
//对用md5和RSA私钥生成的数字签名进行验证
static boolean verifyWhenSha1Sign(String content, String sign, PublicKey publicKey) throws Exception {
byte[] contentBytes = content.getBytes("utf-8");
Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA1withRSA");
signature.initVerify(publicKey);
signature.update(contentBytes);
return signature.verify(Base64.decodeBase64(sign));
}
}
输出结果如下:
content :study hard and make progress everyday
sign with md5 and rsa :L0pxR69rmOYoWoHdOJHKEvHDVdEamrqQlmYV4Yrwfz0BFIAKgSL4tGyw+4G3WDiOCHeZMPAPM/F39Ygxc1rtMg==
verify sign with md5 and rsa :true
sign with sha1 and rsa :jBhPcFAhZ7mGcc3jjVhmyybIPNwnIMPzGQ+piQf6RyMbICtYzT/xxG2P0rQ09t8+9ybp/NIWy83I5kWIs3MZfg==
verify sign with sha1 and rsa :true