Django学习_简易博客(四)

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-04 21:28:04 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-05-04 21:28:04 发布

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生成列表和视图

博客列表
博客详情

导包

from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from .models import Post

博客列表

def post_list(request):
    posts = Post.published.all()
    return render(request,
                  'blog/post/list.html',
                  {'posts': posts})

博客详情

def post_detail(request, year, month, day, post):
    post = get_object_or_404(Post,
                             slug=post,
                             status='published',
                             publish__year=year,
                             publish__month=month,
                             publish__day=day)
    return render(request,
                  'blog/post/detail.html',
                  {'post': post})

添加URL路径

打开blog/urls.py写入

from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = 'blog'

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.post_list, name='post_list'),
    path('<int:year>/<int:month>/<int:day>/<slug:post>/',
         views.post_detail, name='post_detail')
]

在mysite/urls.py加上：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('blog/', include('blog.urls', namespace='blog')),
]

模型的标准URL

由于post_detail的URL比较特别，所以在blog/models.py中添加特殊的处理

from django.urls import reverse
class Post(models.Model):
   ...
   def get_absolute_url(self):
      return reverse('blog:post_detail', args=[self.publish.year,
                                               self.publish.month,
                                               self.publish.day,
                                               self.slug])

视图模版

文件结构

base.html

{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/blog.css' %}">
</head>
<body>
<div id="content">
    {% block content %}

    {% endblock %}
</div>
<div id="sidebar">
    <h2>My blog</h2>
    <p>This is my blog.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

detail.html

{% extends 'blog/base.html' %}
{% block title %}
    {{ post.title }}
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
<h1>{{ post.title }}</h1>
    <p class="date">
    Published {{ post.publish }} by {{ post.author }}
    </p>
    {{ post.body|linebreaks }}
{% endblock %}

list.html

{% extends 'blog/base.html' %}
{% block title %}
    My blog
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>My Blog</h1>
    {% for post in posts %}
        <h2>
            <a href="{{ post.get_absolute_url }}">
                {{ post.title }}
            </a>
        </h2>
        <p class="date">
            Published {{ post.publish }} by {{ post.author }}
        </p>
        {#truncatewords:将数值截取至指定的单词数量#}
        {#linebreaks:将输出结果转换为HTML换行符#}
        {{ post.body|truncatewords:30|linebreaks }}
    {% endfor %}

{% endblock %}

blog.css

body {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    font-family: helvetica, sans-serif;
}

a {
    color: #00abff;
    text-decoration: none;
}

h1 {
    font-weight: normal;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #bbb;
    padding: 0 0 10px 0;
}

h2 {
    font-weight: normal;
    margin: 30px 0 0;
}

#content {
    float: left;
    width: 60%;
    padding: 0 0 0 30px;
}

#sidebar {
    float: right;
    width: 30%;
    padding: 10px;
    background: #efefef;
    height: 100%;
}

p.date {
    color: #ccc;
    font-family: georgia, serif;
    font-size: 12px;
    font-style: italic;
}

.paginator {
    margin: 40px 0;
    font-weight: bold;
}

label {
    float: left;
    clear: both;
    color: #333;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
}

input, textarea {
    clear: both;
    float: left;
    margin: 0 0 10px;
    background: #ededed;
    border: 0;
    padding: 6px 10px;
    font-size: 12px;
}

input[type=submit] {
    font-weight: bold;
    background: #00abff;
    color: #fff;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    font-size: 14px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.errorlist {
    color: #cc0033;
    float: left;
    clear: both;
    padding-left: 10px;
}

.comment {
    padding: 10px;
}

.comment:nth-child(even) {
    background: #efefef;
}

.comment .info {
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 12px;
    color: #666;
}

结果展示

列表页

详情页

添加分页机制

修改blog/views.py的post_list

paginator = Paginator(object_list, 1)里面的数字决定一页里面有几条数据，为了展示效果，先改为1

from django.core.paginator import Paginator, EmptyPage, PageNotAnInteger


def post_list(request):
    object_list = Post.published.all()
    paginator = Paginator(object_list, 1)
    page = request.GET.get('page')
    try:
        posts = paginator.page(page)
    except PageNotAnInteger:
        # 如果「不是数字」则去第一页
        posts = paginator.page(1)
    except EmptyPage:
        # 如果「页数太大」就去最后一页
        posts = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
    return render(request,
                  'blog/post/list.html',
                  {'posts': posts, 'page': page})

增加一个blog/templates/pagination.html

<div class="paginator">
    <span class="step-links">
        {% if page.has_previous %}
            <a href="?page={{ page.previous_page_num }}">Previous</a>
        {% endif %}
        <span class="current">
        Page {{ page.number }} of {{ page.paginator.num_pages }}.
    </span>
        {% if page.has_next %}
            <a href="?page={{ page.next_page_number }}">Next</a>
        {% endif %}
    </span>
</div>

在blog/templates/blog/post/list.html最后面添加

   ... 
    {% include "pagination.html" with page=posts %}
{% endblock %}

效果

测试游记

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Django学习_简易博客(四)

生成列表和视图博客列表博客详情导包fromdjango.shortcutsimportrender,get_object_or_404from.models...
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