python、java、c需要掌握到什么程度-是否可以直接学python或者java而不学c++?

当然可以直接学python……编程语言之间基本上没有谁是谁的进阶这种说法，计算机科学才有进阶。所以你说直接学python行不行，当然没问题。即使是Eric S.Raymond也在回答How to Became a Hacker 时第一节就明确回答：1. Learn how to program.

This, of course, is the fundamental hacking skill. If you don't know any computer languages, I recommend starting with Python. It is cleanly designed, well documented, and relatively kind to beginners. Despite being a good first language, it is not just a toy; it is very powerful and flexible and well suited for large projects. I have written a more detailed evaluation of Python. Good tutorials are available at the Python web site; there's an excellent third-party one at Computer Science Circles.

I used to recommend Java as a good language to learn early, but this critique has changed my mind (search for "The Pitfalls of Java as a First Programming Language” within it). A hacker cannot, as they devastatingly put it "approach problem-solving like a plumber in a hardware store”; you have to know what the components actually do. Now I think it is probably best to learn C and Lisp first, then Java.

...

...

后面还有很多内容，全文的话请点击上面的链接。当然我这里截取ESR先生的话，仅仅是想说明一个初学计算机的人，完全可以从Python开始，只要你自己愿意。但是并不代表我100%赞同ESR先生文中的所有观点。每个人都有自己对于如何学习编程的认识，在大方向上可能差不多，在具体细节上可能会有不同。因为每个人都是不同的个体，都有自己不同于别人的特征和所处环境。

所以回答本问题的话，直接学python没有问题。Java的话，虽然ESR先生本来觉得Java很好，但是后来鉴于类似 The Pitfalls of Java as a First Programming Language 这篇文章的观点后，他开始不建议先学Java。

当然这些仅仅代表ESR先生的个人观点，我个人对于Python和Java的观点在这点上也和ESR一致。但是另外我觉得，考虑到目前很多人先学Java就是想直接成为Java程序员，然后先走上程序员这条路，他们并没有想通过先打好计算机科学的基础，然后一点点走上编程的道路。如果一个人面对如此急切的"生存”需求，讨论先学什么语言已经不重要了。