1、a=a+2,表示一个新的对象,新的对象名字还是a,但是指向的内存地址已经变了
>>> a=2
>>> id(a)
140406287260016
>>> a=a+2
>>> a
4
>>> id(a)
140406287259968
所以对于tuple对象(不可变对象),也是可以这样操作的
>>> tuple1=(1,2)
>>> id(tuple1)
4521580448
>>> tuple1=tuple1+(3,)
>>> tuple1
(1, 2, 3)
>>> id(tuple1)
4521658880
2、a+=2对于有些对象的操作是表示原来的对象,对有些对象的操作是生成了一个新对象
不可变对象tuple1,操作完后,内存地址已经发生变化,生成一个新的对象
>>> tuple1=(1,2)
>>> type(tuple1)
>>> tuple1+=(3,)
>>> id(tuple1)
4521658880
>>> tuple1+=(4,5)
>>> id(tuple1)
4520649072
而list对象,可变对象,+=操作、append操作、extend操作,都是在原对象上操作
>>> list1=[1,2]
>>> id(list1)
4521614656
>>> list1+=[3]
>>> id(list1)
4521614656
>>> list1.append(4)
>>> id(list1)
4521614656
>>> list1.extend(5)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable
>>> list1.extend([5])
>>> id(list1)
4521614656
>>>
3、
x = [1,2,3]
print "before func(), global! x = ",x,"id(x) = ",id(x)
def func():
global x
print "in func(), local! original x = ",x,"id(x) = ",id(x)
x = x + [1]
print "in func(), local! now x = ",x,"id(x) = ",id(x)
func()
print "after func(), global! x = ",x,"id(x) = ",id(x)
结果:
[python] view plain copy
before func(), global! x = [1, 2, 3] id(x) = 47781768
in func(), local! original x = [1, 2, 3] id(x) = 47781768
in func(), local! now x = [1, 2, 3, 1] id(x) = 47795720
after func(), global! x = [1, 2, 3, 1] id(x) = 47795720
global就保证了,即使我的变量x在函数中指向对象变了,外部的x也会指向新的对象
x = [1,2,3]
print "before func(), global! x = ",x,"id(x) = ",id(x)
def func(x):
print "in func(), local! original x = ",x,"id(x) = ",id(x)
x = x + [1]
print "in func(), local! now x = ",x,"id(x) = ",id(x)
func(x)
print "after func(), global! x = ",x,"id(x) = ",id(x)
结果:
before func(), global! x = [1, 2, 3] id(x) = 46339976
in func(), local! original x = [1, 2, 3] id(x) = 46339976
in func(), local! now x = [1, 2, 3, 1] id(x) = 46390664
after func(), global! x = [1, 2, 3] id(x) = 46339976
x = x + [1],是新建了一个对象,id(x) = 46390664
利用id(x),查看下x += [1]对象是怎么变化的吧:
x = [1,2,3]
print "before func(), global! x = ",x,"id(x) = ",id(x)
def func(x):
print "in func(), local! original x = ",x,"id(x) = ",id(x)
x += [1]
print "in func(), local! now x = ",x,"id(x) = ",id(x)
func(x)
print "after func(), global! x = ",x,"id(x) = ",id(x)
结果:
before func(), global! x = [1, 2, 3] id(x) = 46536584
in func(), local! original x = [1, 2, 3] id(x) = 46536584
in func(), local! now x = [1, 2, 3, 1] id(x) = 46536584
after func(), global! x = [1, 2, 3, 1] id(x) = 46536584
id(x)全程一样,x += [1],python直接就在原对象上操作