浅谈JAVA设计模式之装饰者模式

装饰者模式是指在不改变原有对象的基础上，将功能附加到对象上，提供了比继承更有弹性的替代方案。

装饰者模式

下面我们来用厨房作为例子，介绍装饰者模式。假设我们有一间老式厨房，里面只能做中餐。

IKitchen.java

public interface IKitchen {

    public void cook();
}

Kitchen.java

public class Kitchen implements IKitchen {
    @Override
    public void cook() {
        System.out.println("Cook chinese food");
    }
}

现在为了满足顾客不同口味的需求，打算引进法式餐和澳大利亚特色菜，但是也不能丢弃爱吃中餐的老顾客。为了满足这一需求，我们新建一个接口，继承原先的IKitchen接口，并在新的接口中拓展两个接口(法式餐以及澳大利亚特色菜)。

IMultipleKitchen.java

public interface IMultipleKitchen extends IKitchen {

    public void cookFranceFood();

    public void cookAustraliaFood();
}

MultipleKitchen.java

public class MultipleKitchen implements IMultipleKitchen {

    private IKitchen iKitchen;

    public MultipleKitchen(IKitchen iKitchen){
        this.iKitchen = iKitchen;
    }

    @Override
    public void cookFranceFood() {
        System.out.println("Cook France food");
    }

    @Override
    public void cookAustraliaFood() {
        System.out.println("Cook Australia food");
    }

    @Override
    public void cook() {
        this.iKitchen.cook();
    }
}

装饰者模式解决组合运算

需求背景：现有一家餐厅，基础套餐是两荤两素6块钱，加猪肉2块，加鸡蛋2块。写出一段代码能动态计算顾客点了什么餐和餐品的总价格。

首先我们创建一个IFood接口
IFood.java

public interface IFood {

    public String name();
    public int price();
}

定义一个装饰器类，并继承IFood接口
FoodDecorator.java

public class FoodDecorator implements IFood {

    private IFood food;

    public FoodDecorator(IFood food) {
        this.food = food;
    }

    @Override
    public String name() {
        return this.food.name();
    }

    @Override
    public int price() {
        return this.food.price();
    }
}

创建基本套餐BaseFood并继承IFood接口

public class BaseFood implements IFood {

    @Override
    public String name() {
        return "两荤两素";
    }

    @Override
    public int price() {
        return 6;
    }
}

创建加鸡蛋的装饰类

public class EggDecorator extends FoodDecorator {
    public EggDecorator(IFood food) {
        super(food);
    }

    @Override
    public String name() {
        return super.name() + "+鸡蛋";
    }

    @Override
    public int price() {
        return super.price() + 2;
    }
}

创建加猪肉的装饰类

public class PorkDecorator extends FoodDecorator {

    public PorkDecorator(IFood food) {
        super(food);
    }

    @Override
    public String name() {
        return super.name() + "+猪肉";
    }

    @Override
    public int price() {
        return super.price() + 2;
    }
}

编写测试用例

public static void main(String[] args) {
        BaseFood baseFood = new BaseFood();
        PorkDecorator porkDecorator = new PorkDecorator(baseFood);
        EggDecorator eggDecorator = new EggDecorator(porkDecorator);
        System.out.println("套餐："+eggDecorator.name() + ",总价格："+eggDecorator.price());
    }

结果